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Adult dietary intake and prostate cancer risk in Utah: a case-control study with special emphasis on aggressive tumors

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A population-based case-control study in Utah of 358 cases diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1984 and 1985, and 679 controls categorically matched by age and county of residence, were interviewed to investigate the association between dietary intake of energy (kcal), fat, protein, vitamin A, β-carotene, vitamin C, zinc, cadmium, selenium, and prostate cancer. Dietary data were ascertained using a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Data were analyzed separately by age (45–67, 68–74) and by tumor aggressiveness. The most significant associations were seen for older males and aggressive tumors. Dietary fat was the strongest risk factor for these males, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.9 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.0–8.4) for total fat; OR=2.2 (CI=0.7–6.6) for saturated fat; OR=3.6 (CI=1.3−9.7) for monounsaturated fat; and OR=2.7 (CI=1.1−6.8) for polyunsaturated fat. Protein and carbohydrates had positive but nonsignificant associations. Energy intake had an OR of 2.5 (CI=1.0−6.5). In these older men, no effects were seen for dietary cholesterol, body mass, or physical activity. There was little association between prostate cancer and dietary intake of zinc, cadmium, selenium, vitamin C, and β-carotene. Total vitamin A had a slight positive association with all prostate cancer (OR=1.6, CI=0.9−2.4), but not with aggressive tumors. No associations were found in younger males, with the exception of physical activity which showed active males to be at an increased but nonsignificant risk for aggressive tumors (OR=2.0, CI=0.8−5.2) and β-carotene which showed a nonsignificant protective effect (OR=0.6, CI=0.3−1.6). The findings suggest that dietary intake, especially fats, may increase risk of aggressive prostate tumors in older males.

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This investigation was supported primarily by Public Health service Grant CA-34804, awarded by the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and in part by Contract N01-CN-55428 awarded to the Utab Cancer Registry by the National Cancer Institute, DHHS. Production of this manuscript was supported in part by DHHS grant 5-P30-CA19408 awarded to the Northern California Cancer Center.

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West, D.W., Slattery, M.L., Robison, L.M. et al. Adult dietary intake and prostate cancer risk in Utah: a case-control study with special emphasis on aggressive tumors. Cancer Causes Control 2, 85–94 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00053126

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00053126

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