Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Wiener klinisches Magazin 3/2017

01.06.2017 | Pathologie

Histologisches Grading beim Mammakarzinom

verfasst von: Dr. Matthias Christgen, Dr. Florian Länger, Prof. Dr. Hans H. Kreipe

Erschienen in: Wiener klinisches Magazin | Ausgabe 3/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Das histologische Grading ist die älteste zellorientierte Methode zur Beurteilung der Tumorbiologie und Prognose beim Mammakarzinom. Dieser Übersichtsartikel gibt neben einem historischen Rückblick detaillierte und für die Praxis gedachte Hinweise zum histologischen Grading. Es wird außerdem erörtert, weshalb auch noch im Zeitalter der molekularen Pathologie der genauen Bestimmung des histologischen Grades weiterhin große Bedeutung zukommt.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Conard NJ, Malina M, Munzel SC (2009) New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany. Nature 460:737–740PubMed Conard NJ, Malina M, Munzel SC (2009) New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany. Nature 460:737–740PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Hansemann D (1892) Ueber die Anaplasie der Geschwulstzellen und die asymmetrische Mitose. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med 129:436–449CrossRef Hansemann D (1892) Ueber die Anaplasie der Geschwulstzellen und die asymmetrische Mitose. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med 129:436–449CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Sistrunk WE, Maccarty WC (1922) Life expectancy following radical amputation for carcinoma of the breast: A clinical and pathologic study of 218 cases. Ann Surg 75:61–69PubMedPubMedCentral Sistrunk WE, Maccarty WC (1922) Life expectancy following radical amputation for carcinoma of the breast: A clinical and pathologic study of 218 cases. Ann Surg 75:61–69PubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaiser P, Karrer K (1972) Steinthal- oder TNM-System beim Mammakarzinom. Z Krebsforsch 77:274–278CrossRef Kaiser P, Karrer K (1972) Steinthal- oder TNM-System beim Mammakarzinom. Z Krebsforsch 77:274–278CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Greenough RB (1925) Varying degrees of malignancy in cancer of the breast. J Cancer Res 9:453–463 Greenough RB (1925) Varying degrees of malignancy in cancer of the breast. J Cancer Res 9:453–463
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Patey DH, Scarff RW (1928) Histology in the prognosis of carcinoma of the breast. Lancet 211:801–804CrossRef Patey DH, Scarff RW (1928) Histology in the prognosis of carcinoma of the breast. Lancet 211:801–804CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bloom HJ, Richardson WW (1957) Histological grading and prognosis in breast cancer; a study of 1409 cases of which 359 have been followed for 15 years. Br J Cancer 11:359–377CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bloom HJ, Richardson WW (1957) Histological grading and prognosis in breast cancer; a study of 1409 cases of which 359 have been followed for 15 years. Br J Cancer 11:359–377CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Stenkvist B, Westman-Naeser S, Vegelius J, Holmquist J, Nordin B et al (1979) Analysis of reproducibility of subjective grading systems for breast carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 32:979–985CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Stenkvist B, Westman-Naeser S, Vegelius J, Holmquist J, Nordin B et al (1979) Analysis of reproducibility of subjective grading systems for breast carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 32:979–985CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Elston CW, Ellis IO (1991) Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology 19(5):403–410CrossRefPubMed Elston CW, Ellis IO (1991) Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology 19(5):403–410CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Elston CW, Ellis IO (2002) Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology 41(3a):151–152CrossRefPubMed Elston CW, Ellis IO (2002) Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology 41(3a):151–152CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Longacre TA, Ennis M, Quenneville LA, Bane AL, Bleiweiss IJ et al (2006) Interobserver agreement and reproducibility in classification of invasive breast carcinoma: an NCI breast cancer family registry study. Mod Pathol 19:195–207CrossRefPubMed Longacre TA, Ennis M, Quenneville LA, Bane AL, Bleiweiss IJ et al (2006) Interobserver agreement and reproducibility in classification of invasive breast carcinoma: an NCI breast cancer family registry study. Mod Pathol 19:195–207CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS (2009) Histological and molecular types of breast cancer: is there a unifying taxonomy? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 6:718–730CrossRefPubMed Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS (2009) Histological and molecular types of breast cancer: is there a unifying taxonomy? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 6:718–730CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, Rijn M van de, Jeffrey SS et al (2000) Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 406:747–752CrossRefPubMed Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, Rijn M van de, Jeffrey SS et al (2000) Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 406:747–752CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Lakhani SR, Ellis I, Schnitt S, Tan PH, Vijver M van de (2012) WHO classification of tumours of the breast. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Lakhani SR, Ellis I, Schnitt S, Tan PH, Vijver M van de (2012) WHO classification of tumours of the breast. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Robbins P, Pinder S, Klerk N de, Dawkins H, Harvey J et al (1995) Histological grading of breast carcinomas: a study of interobserver agreement. Hum Pathol 26:873–879CrossRefPubMed Robbins P, Pinder S, Klerk N de, Dawkins H, Harvey J et al (1995) Histological grading of breast carcinomas: a study of interobserver agreement. Hum Pathol 26:873–879CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Dabbs D (2012) Breast pathology. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia Dabbs D (2012) Breast pathology. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia
17.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Gluz O, Nitz U, Christgen M, Kates RE, Shak S et al (2016) The WSG phase III planB trial: first prospective outcome data for the 21-gene recurrence score assay and concordance of prognostic markers by central and local pathology assessment. J Clin Oncol doi:10.1200/JCO.2015.63.5383PubMed Gluz O, Nitz U, Christgen M, Kates RE, Shak S et al (2016) The WSG phase III planB trial: first prospective outcome data for the 21-gene recurrence score assay and concordance of prognostic markers by central and local pathology assessment. J Clin Oncol doi:10.1200/JCO.2015.63.5383PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Wasielewski R von, Klopper K, Luck HJ, Kreipe H (2006) Improvement of breast cancer grading in punch biopsies: grading with the Ki-67 marker. Pathologe 27:337–345CrossRef Wasielewski R von, Klopper K, Luck HJ, Kreipe H (2006) Improvement of breast cancer grading in punch biopsies: grading with the Ki-67 marker. Pathologe 27:337–345CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Kronqvist P, Kuopio T, Collan Y (1998) Morphometric grading of invasive ductal breast cancer. I. Thresholds for nuclear grade. Br J Cancer 78:800–805CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kronqvist P, Kuopio T, Collan Y (1998) Morphometric grading of invasive ductal breast cancer. I. Thresholds for nuclear grade. Br J Cancer 78:800–805CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosen PP (2008) Rosen’s breast pathology, 3. Aufl. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Dover Rosen PP (2008) Rosen’s breast pathology, 3. Aufl. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Dover
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Mengel M, Wasielewski R von, Wiese B, Rudiger T, Muller-Hermelink HK, Kreipe H (2002) Inter-laboratory and inter-observer reproducibility of immunohistochemical assessment of the Ki-67 labelling index in a large multi-centre trial. J Pathol 198:292–299CrossRefPubMed Mengel M, Wasielewski R von, Wiese B, Rudiger T, Muller-Hermelink HK, Kreipe H (2002) Inter-laboratory and inter-observer reproducibility of immunohistochemical assessment of the Ki-67 labelling index in a large multi-centre trial. J Pathol 198:292–299CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Dowsett M, Nielsen TO, A’Hern R, Bartlett J, Coombes RC et al (2011) Assessment of Ki67 in breast cancer: recommendations from the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer working group. J Natl Cancer Inst 103:1656–1664CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dowsett M, Nielsen TO, A’Hern R, Bartlett J, Coombes RC et al (2011) Assessment of Ki67 in breast cancer: recommendations from the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer working group. J Natl Cancer Inst 103:1656–1664CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Polley MY, Leung SC, Gao D, Mastropasqua MG, Zabaglo LA et al (2015) An international study to increase concordance in Ki67 scoring. Mod Pathol 28(6):778–786CrossRefPubMed Polley MY, Leung SC, Gao D, Mastropasqua MG, Zabaglo LA et al (2015) An international study to increase concordance in Ki67 scoring. Mod Pathol 28(6):778–786CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Christgen M, Ahsen S von, Christgen H, Langer F, Kreipe H (2015) The region-of-interest size impacts on Ki67 quantification by computer-assisted image analysis in breast cancer. Hum Pathol 46:1341–1349CrossRefPubMed Christgen M, Ahsen S von, Christgen H, Langer F, Kreipe H (2015) The region-of-interest size impacts on Ki67 quantification by computer-assisted image analysis in breast cancer. Hum Pathol 46:1341–1349CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Papadimitriou M, Kaptanis S, Polymeropoulos E, Mitsopoulos G, Stogiannis D et al (2015) Nuclear grade plus proliferation grading system for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: validation in a tertiary referral hospital cohort. Am J Clin Pathol 144:837–843CrossRefPubMed Papadimitriou M, Kaptanis S, Polymeropoulos E, Mitsopoulos G, Stogiannis D et al (2015) Nuclear grade plus proliferation grading system for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: validation in a tertiary referral hospital cohort. Am J Clin Pathol 144:837–843CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdel-Fatah TM, Powe DG, Agboola J, Adamowicz-Brice M, Blamey RW et al (2010) The biological, clinical and prognostic implications of p53 transcriptional pathways in breast cancers. J Pathol 220:419–434PubMed Abdel-Fatah TM, Powe DG, Agboola J, Adamowicz-Brice M, Blamey RW et al (2010) The biological, clinical and prognostic implications of p53 transcriptional pathways in breast cancers. J Pathol 220:419–434PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdel-Fatah TM, Powe DG, Ball G, Lopez-Garcia MA, Habashy HO et al (2010) Proposal for a modified grading system based on mitotic index and Bcl2 provides objective determination of clinical outcome for patients with breast cancer. J Pathol 222:388–399CrossRefPubMed Abdel-Fatah TM, Powe DG, Ball G, Lopez-Garcia MA, Habashy HO et al (2010) Proposal for a modified grading system based on mitotic index and Bcl2 provides objective determination of clinical outcome for patients with breast cancer. J Pathol 222:388–399CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Louwman MW, Vriezen M, Beek MW van, Nolthenius-Puylaert MC, Sangen MJ van der et al (2007) Uncommon breast tumors in perspective: incidence, treatment and survival in the Netherlands. Int J Cancer 121:127–135CrossRefPubMed Louwman MW, Vriezen M, Beek MW van, Nolthenius-Puylaert MC, Sangen MJ van der et al (2007) Uncommon breast tumors in perspective: incidence, treatment and survival in the Netherlands. Int J Cancer 121:127–135CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Pestalozzi BC, Zahrieh D, Mallon E, Gusterson BA, Price KN et al (2008) Distinct clinical and prognostic features of infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast: combined results of 15 International Breast Cancer Study Group clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 26:3006–3014CrossRefPubMed Pestalozzi BC, Zahrieh D, Mallon E, Gusterson BA, Price KN et al (2008) Distinct clinical and prognostic features of infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast: combined results of 15 International Breast Cancer Study Group clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 26:3006–3014CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Erber R, Gluz O, Brunner N, Kreipe HH, Pelz E et al (2015) Predictive role of HER2/neu, topoisomerase-II-alpha, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) for response to adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy in patients with intermediate-risk breast cancer: results from the WSG-AGO EC-Doc trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 150:279–288CrossRefPubMed Erber R, Gluz O, Brunner N, Kreipe HH, Pelz E et al (2015) Predictive role of HER2/neu, topoisomerase-II-alpha, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) for response to adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy in patients with intermediate-risk breast cancer: results from the WSG-AGO EC-Doc trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 150:279–288CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Rakha EA, El-Sayed ME, Menon S, Green AR, Lee AH, Ellis IO (2008) Histologic grading is an independent prognostic factor in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 111:121–127CrossRefPubMed Rakha EA, El-Sayed ME, Menon S, Green AR, Lee AH, Ellis IO (2008) Histologic grading is an independent prognostic factor in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 111:121–127CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Daveau C, Baulies S, Lalloum M, Bollet M, Sigal-Zafrani B et al (2014) Histological grade concordance between diagnostic core biopsy and corresponding surgical specimen in HR-positive/HER2-negative breast carcinoma. Br J Cancer 110:2195–2200CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Daveau C, Baulies S, Lalloum M, Bollet M, Sigal-Zafrani B et al (2014) Histological grade concordance between diagnostic core biopsy and corresponding surgical specimen in HR-positive/HER2-negative breast carcinoma. Br J Cancer 110:2195–2200CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwok TC, Rakha EA, Lee AH, Grainge M, Green AR et al (2010) Histological grading of breast cancer on needle core biopsy: the role of immunohistochemical assessment of proliferation. Histopathology 57:212–219CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kwok TC, Rakha EA, Lee AH, Grainge M, Green AR et al (2010) Histological grading of breast cancer on needle core biopsy: the role of immunohistochemical assessment of proliferation. Histopathology 57:212–219CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Pinder SE, Provenzano E, Earl H, Ellis IO (2007) Laboratory handling and histology reporting of breast specimens from patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Histopathology 50:409–417CrossRefPubMed Pinder SE, Provenzano E, Earl H, Ellis IO (2007) Laboratory handling and histology reporting of breast specimens from patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Histopathology 50:409–417CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Pierga JY, Mouret E, Laurence V, Dieras V, Savigioni A et al (2003) Prognostic factors for survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer. the role of clinical response. Eur J Cancer 39:1089–1096CrossRefPubMed Pierga JY, Mouret E, Laurence V, Dieras V, Savigioni A et al (2003) Prognostic factors for survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer. the role of clinical response. Eur J Cancer 39:1089–1096CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Langer F, Luck HJ, Kreipe HH (2004) Morphological response to therapy of breast carcinoma. Pathologe 25:455–460CrossRefPubMed Langer F, Luck HJ, Kreipe HH (2004) Morphological response to therapy of breast carcinoma. Pathologe 25:455–460CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Sinn HP, Schmid H, Junkermann H, Huober J, Leppien G et al (1994) Histologic regression of breast cancer after primary (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 54:552–558CrossRefPubMed Sinn HP, Schmid H, Junkermann H, Huober J, Leppien G et al (1994) Histologic regression of breast cancer after primary (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 54:552–558CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Bossuyt V, Provenzano E, Symmans WF, Boughey JC, Coles C et al (2015) Recommendations for standardized pathological characterization of residual disease for neoadjuvant clinical trials of breast cancer by the BIG-NABCG collaboration. Ann Oncol doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv161PubMedPubMedCentral Bossuyt V, Provenzano E, Symmans WF, Boughey JC, Coles C et al (2015) Recommendations for standardized pathological characterization of residual disease for neoadjuvant clinical trials of breast cancer by the BIG-NABCG collaboration. Ann Oncol doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv161PubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Dalton LW, Page DL, Dupont WD (1994) Histologic grading of breast carcinoma. A reproducibility study. Cancer 73:2765–2770CrossRefPubMed Dalton LW, Page DL, Dupont WD (1994) Histologic grading of breast carcinoma. A reproducibility study. Cancer 73:2765–2770CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Frierson HF Jr, Wolber RA, Berean KW, Franquemont DW, Gaffey MJ et al (1995) Interobserver reproducibility of the Nottingham modification of the Bloom and Richardson histologic grading scheme for infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 103:195–198CrossRefPubMed Frierson HF Jr, Wolber RA, Berean KW, Franquemont DW, Gaffey MJ et al (1995) Interobserver reproducibility of the Nottingham modification of the Bloom and Richardson histologic grading scheme for infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 103:195–198CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Davis BW, Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A, Hartmann WH, Locher GW et al (1986) Prognostic significance of tumor grade in clinical trials of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis. Cancer 58:2662–2670CrossRefPubMed Davis BW, Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A, Hartmann WH, Locher GW et al (1986) Prognostic significance of tumor grade in clinical trials of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis. Cancer 58:2662–2670CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, Kim C, Baker J et al (2004) A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 351:2817–2826CrossRefPubMed Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, Kim C, Baker J et al (2004) A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 351:2817–2826CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Histologisches Grading beim Mammakarzinom
verfasst von
Dr. Matthias Christgen
Dr. Florian Länger
Prof. Dr. Hans H. Kreipe
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2017
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener klinisches Magazin / Ausgabe 3/2017
Print ISSN: 1869-1757
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-7817
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00740-017-0173-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2017

Wiener klinisches Magazin 3/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Panorama

Panorama