Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1-2/2020

03.12.2019 | themenschwerpunkt

Aktuelle Diskussion zur risikoadaptierten Therapie des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms: Ist weniger (Therapie) wirklich mehr?

verfasst von: Amir Kurtaran, Brigitta Schmoll-Hauer, Christina Tugendsam

Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | Ausgabe 1-2/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

In den letzten Jahren wurde weltweit eine signifikante (relative) Zunahme von „kleinen“ Schilddrüsenkarzinomen (pT1 = Tumorgröße ≤10 mm) beobachtet, die nun ein Plateau erreicht hat. Diese Tatsache und das Fehlen von prospektiven und randomisierten klinischen Studien führen zunehmend zu einer Diskussion des sog. risikoadaptierten Managements des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms. Die vorhandenen Daten sind teilweise inkomplett, retrospektiv und können schwer miteinander verglichen werden. Darüber hinaus beeinflussen Faktoren wie unterschiedliche Jodversorgung, Kosten-Nutzen-Überlegungen und regionale Unterschiede in der Vorhaltung und Qualität chirurgischer Verfahren die Umsetzung der Therapiekonzepte. Deshalb ist die Therapie des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms vor allem in „low risk“ Situationen Gegenstand intensiver Diskussion. Es besteht ein weltweiter Trend, das Risiko des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms allgemein wesentlich niedriger einzuschätzen als in der Vergangenheit und damit auch den Umfang der ursprünglich empfohlenen Therapie zu reduzieren. Die Diskussion bewegt sich zunehmend vom „One size fits all“ in Richtung personalisierter und somit risikoadaptierter Therapie des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms.
Das Hauptziel dieses „Paradigmenwechsels“ ist die Vermeidung einer „Übertherapie“ mit den eventuell daraus verbundenen permanenten Komplikationen durch „überzogene“ chirurgische Maßnahmen und ev. negativen Auswirkungen einer Radiojodablation.
Die vorliegende Übersicht versucht auf folgende Fragen Antwort zu geben: Wann ist eine risikoadaptierte Reduktion der Therapie beim differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom zulässig? Welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich beim differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom, wenn die Radiojodtherapie weggelassen wird?
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Luster M. Die individualisierte Therapie des Schilddrüsenkarzinoms. Nuklearmediziner. 2010;33:201–2. Luster M. Die individualisierte Therapie des Schilddrüsenkarzinoms. Nuklearmediziner. 2010;33:201–2.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Spitzweg C. The sodium-iodide symporter. Pathophysiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic significance. Internist (Berl). 2003;44(4):396–8. Spitzweg C. The sodium-iodide symporter. Pathophysiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic significance. Internist (Berl). 2003;44(4):396–8.
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Hundahl SA, Fleming ID, Fremgen AM, Menck HR. A national cancer data base report on 53,856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S. Cancer. 1998;83:2638:48. Hundahl SA, Fleming ID, Fremgen AM, Menck HR. A national cancer data base report on 53,856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S. Cancer. 1998;83:2638:48.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Sipos JA, Mazzaferri EL. Thyroid cancer epidemiology and prognostic variables. Clin Oncol. 2010;22:395–404. Sipos JA, Mazzaferri EL. Thyroid cancer epidemiology and prognostic variables. Clin Oncol. 2010;22:395–404.
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Ito Y, Miyauchi A, Kihara M, et al. Patient age is significantly related to the progression of papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid under observation. Thyroid. 2014;24:27.PubMedPubMedCentral Ito Y, Miyauchi A, Kihara M, et al. Patient age is significantly related to the progression of papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid under observation. Thyroid. 2014;24:27.PubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Durante C, Haddy N, Baudin E, et al. Long-term outcome of 444 patients with distant metastases from papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: benefits and limits of radioiodine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:2892–2289.PubMed Durante C, Haddy N, Baudin E, et al. Long-term outcome of 444 patients with distant metastases from papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: benefits and limits of radioiodine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:2892–2289.PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Pacini F. Prospective study confirms that radioiodine remnant ablation is not necessary in low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur Thyroid J. 2016;5:7–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Pacini F. Prospective study confirms that radioiodine remnant ablation is not necessary in low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur Thyroid J. 2016;5:7–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Davies L, Welch HG. Current thyroid cancer trends in the United States. Jama Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;140:317–22.PubMed Davies L, Welch HG. Current thyroid cancer trends in the United States. Jama Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;140:317–22.PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Li N, Du XL, Reitzel LR, et al. Impact of enhanced detection on the increase in thyroid cancer incidence in the United States: review of incidence trends by socioeconomic status within the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results registry, 1980–2008. Thyroid. 2013;23(1):103–10.PubMedPubMedCentral Li N, Du XL, Reitzel LR, et al. Impact of enhanced detection on the increase in thyroid cancer incidence in the United States: review of incidence trends by socioeconomic status within the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results registry, 1980–2008. Thyroid. 2013;23(1):103–10.PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Weber T, Peth S, Hummel R. Surgery of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Chirurg. 2018;89(6):415–21.PubMed Weber T, Peth S, Hummel R. Surgery of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Chirurg. 2018;89(6):415–21.PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Neuhold N, Kaiser H, Kaserer K. Latent carcinoma of the thyroid in Austria: a systematic autopsy study. Endocrin Pathol. 2001;12(1):23–31. Neuhold N, Kaiser H, Kaserer K. Latent carcinoma of the thyroid in Austria: a systematic autopsy study. Endocrin Pathol. 2001;12(1):23–31.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Neuhold N, Schultheis A, Hermann M, et al. Incidental papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid—further evidence of a very low malignant potential: a retrospective clinicopathological study with up to 30 years of follow-up. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18(12):3430–6.PubMed Neuhold N, Schultheis A, Hermann M, et al. Incidental papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid—further evidence of a very low malignant potential: a retrospective clinicopathological study with up to 30 years of follow-up. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18(12):3430–6.PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Gschwandtner E, Klatte T, Swietek N, et al. Increase of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and a plea for restrictive treatment: a retrospective study of 1,391 prospective documented patients. Surgery. 2016;159:503–11.PubMed Gschwandtner E, Klatte T, Swietek N, et al. Increase of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and a plea for restrictive treatment: a retrospective study of 1,391 prospective documented patients. Surgery. 2016;159:503–11.PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Ardito G, Revelli L, Giustozzi E, et al. Aggressive papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: prognostic factors and therapeutic strategy. Clin Nucl Med. 2013;38(1):25–8.PubMed Ardito G, Revelli L, Giustozzi E, et al. Aggressive papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: prognostic factors and therapeutic strategy. Clin Nucl Med. 2013;38(1):25–8.PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Tuttle RM, Fagin JA, Minkowitz G, et al. Natural history and tumor volume kinetics of papillary thyroid cancers during active surveillance. Jama Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;143:1015–20.PubMedPubMedCentral Tuttle RM, Fagin JA, Minkowitz G, et al. Natural history and tumor volume kinetics of papillary thyroid cancers during active surveillance. Jama Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;143:1015–20.PubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Dralle H, Musholt TJ, Schabram J, German Societies of General Surgery Endocrinology Nuclear Medicine Pathology Radiooncology Oncological Hematology German Thyroid Cancer Patient Support Organization Ohne Schilddrüse leben e, et al. German Association of Endocrine Surgeons practice guideline for the surgical management of malignant thyroid tumors. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2013;398(3):347–75.PubMed Dralle H, Musholt TJ, Schabram J, German Societies of General Surgery Endocrinology Nuclear Medicine Pathology Radiooncology Oncological Hematology German Thyroid Cancer Patient Support Organization Ohne Schilddrüse leben e, et al. German Association of Endocrine Surgeons practice guideline for the surgical management of malignant thyroid tumors. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2013;398(3):347–75.PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American 394 Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2015;2016(26):1–133. Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American 394 Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2015;2016(26):1–133.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Perros P, Colley S, Boelart K, et al. British Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol. 2014;81(Suppl1):1–122. 23. Perros P, Colley S, Boelart K, et al. British Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol. 2014;81(Suppl1):1–122. 23.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Mitchell AL, Gandhi A, Scott-Coombes D, et al. Management of thyroid cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. J Laryngol Otol. 2016;130(S2):S150–S60.PubMedPubMedCentral Mitchell AL, Gandhi A, Scott-Coombes D, et al. Management of thyroid cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. J Laryngol Otol. 2016;130(S2):S150–S60.PubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Takami H, Ito Y, Okamoto T, Onoda N, et al. Revisiting the guidelines issued by the Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgeons and Japan Association of Endocrine Surgeons: a gradual move towards consensus between Japanese and western practice in the management of thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg. 2014;38:2002–10.PubMed Takami H, Ito Y, Okamoto T, Onoda N, et al. Revisiting the guidelines issued by the Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgeons and Japan Association of Endocrine Surgeons: a gradual move towards consensus between Japanese and western practice in the management of thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg. 2014;38:2002–10.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmid KW, Sheu SY, Tötsch M, et al. Pathologie des Schilddrüsenkarzinoms. Onkologe. 2005;11:29–39. Schmid KW, Sheu SY, Tötsch M, et al. Pathologie des Schilddrüsenkarzinoms. Onkologe. 2005;11:29–39.
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt M, Görges R, Drzezga A, et al. Radioiodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer—a matter of controversy—PRO radioiodine. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(8):1195–201.PubMed Schmidt M, Görges R, Drzezga A, et al. Radioiodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer—a matter of controversy—PRO radioiodine. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(8):1195–201.PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietlein M, Eschner W, Grünwald F, et al. Procedure guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. Version 4. Nuklearmedizin. 2016;55:77–89.PubMed Dietlein M, Eschner W, Grünwald F, et al. Procedure guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. Version 4. Nuklearmedizin. 2016;55:77–89.PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Mazzaferri EL. Thyroid remnant 131 I ablation for papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 1997;7(2):265–71.PubMed Mazzaferri EL. Thyroid remnant 131 I ablation for papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 1997;7(2):265–71.PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Passler C, Scheuba C, Asari R, et al. Importance of tumour size in papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Br J Surg. 2005;92(2):184–9.PubMed Passler C, Scheuba C, Asari R, et al. Importance of tumour size in papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Br J Surg. 2005;92(2):184–9.PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Machens A, Holzhausen H, Dralle H. The prognostic value of primary tumor size in papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Cancer. 2005;1;103(11):2269–73. Machens A, Holzhausen H, Dralle H. The prognostic value of primary tumor size in papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Cancer. 2005;1;103(11):2269–73.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Ko CY, et al. Extent of surgery affects survival for papillary thyroid 429 cancer. Ann Surg. 2007;246:375–81.PubMedPubMedCentral Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Ko CY, et al. Extent of surgery affects survival for papillary thyroid 429 cancer. Ann Surg. 2007;246:375–81.PubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Mazeh H, Samet Y, Hochstein G, et al. Multifocality in well differentiated thyroid carcinomas calls for total thyroidectomy. Am J Surg. 2011;201(6):770–5.PubMed Mazeh H, Samet Y, Hochstein G, et al. Multifocality in well differentiated thyroid carcinomas calls for total thyroidectomy. Am J Surg. 2011;201(6):770–5.PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Koo B, Choi EC, Park YH. Occult contralateral central lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma with unilateral lymph node metastasis in the lateral neck. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210:895–900.PubMed Koo B, Choi EC, Park YH. Occult contralateral central lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma with unilateral lymph node metastasis in the lateral neck. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210:895–900.PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuo SF, Lin SF, Chao TC, et al. Prognosis of multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Endocrinol. 2013;2013:809382.PubMedPubMedCentral Kuo SF, Lin SF, Chao TC, et al. Prognosis of multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Endocrinol. 2013;2013:809382.PubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Qu N, Zhang L, Ji QH, et al. Number of tumor foci predicts prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer. Bmc Cancer. 2014;14:914.PubMedPubMedCentral Qu N, Zhang L, Ji QH, et al. Number of tumor foci predicts prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer. Bmc Cancer. 2014;14:914.PubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Jo P, Kesruek H, Nietert M, et al. Incidence and predictive factors for bilaterality in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Zentralbl Chir. 2018;143(4):361–6.PubMed Jo P, Kesruek H, Nietert M, et al. Incidence and predictive factors for bilaterality in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Zentralbl Chir. 2018;143(4):361–6.PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Groopman J, Hartzband P. Your medical mind. How to decide what is right for you. New York: 458 Penguin Books; 2011. Groopman J, Hartzband P. Your medical mind. How to decide what is right for you. New York: 458 Penguin Books; 2011.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Andresen NS, Buatti JM, Tewfik HH, et al. Radioiodine ablation following thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer: literature review of utility, dose, and toxicity. Eur Thyroid J. 2017;6(4):187–96.PubMedPubMedCentral Andresen NS, Buatti JM, Tewfik HH, et al. Radioiodine ablation following thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer: literature review of utility, dose, and toxicity. Eur Thyroid J. 2017;6(4):187–96.PubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietlein M, Kobe C. Luster M . Differenziertes Schilddrüsenkarzinom. Fortschritte bei der Radioiodablation. Nuklearmediziner. 2010;33:203–13. Dietlein M, Kobe C. Luster M . Differenziertes Schilddrüsenkarzinom. Fortschritte bei der Radioiodablation. Nuklearmediziner. 2010;33:203–13.
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Sawka AM, Thephamongkhol K, Brouwers M, et al. Clinical review 170: a systematic review and metaanalysis of the effectiveness of radioactive iodine remnant ablation for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3668–76.PubMed Sawka AM, Thephamongkhol K, Brouwers M, et al. Clinical review 170: a systematic review and metaanalysis of the effectiveness of radioactive iodine remnant ablation for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3668–76.PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Bockisch A, Görges R, Freudenberg LS, et al. Radioiodtherapie beim differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom. Nuklearmediziner. 2012;35:43–52. Bockisch A, Görges R, Freudenberg LS, et al. Radioiodtherapie beim differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom. Nuklearmediziner. 2012;35:43–52.
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Hay ID, Thompson GB, Grant CS, et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma managed at the Mayo Clinic during six decades (1940–1999): temporal trends in initial therapy and long-term outcome in 2444 consecutively treated patients. World J Surg. 2002;26(8):879–85.PubMed Hay ID, Thompson GB, Grant CS, et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma managed at the Mayo Clinic during six decades (1940–1999): temporal trends in initial therapy and long-term outcome in 2444 consecutively treated patients. World J Surg. 2002;26(8):879–85.PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Pryma DA. Controversies on the use of radioiodine in thyroid cancer: we need more and better data. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(8):1184–6.PubMed Pryma DA. Controversies on the use of radioiodine in thyroid cancer: we need more and better data. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(8):1184–6.PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Orosco RK, Hussain T, Brumund KT, et al. Analysis of age and disease status as predictors of thyroid cancer-specific mortality using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Thyroid. 2015;25:125–32.PubMedPubMedCentral Orosco RK, Hussain T, Brumund KT, et al. Analysis of age and disease status as predictors of thyroid cancer-specific mortality using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Thyroid. 2015;25:125–32.PubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Adam MA, Pura J, Gu L, et al. Extent of surgery for papillary thyroid cancer is not associated with survival. An analysis of 61,775 patients. Ann Surg. 2014;260:601–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Adam MA, Pura J, Gu L, et al. Extent of surgery for papillary thyroid cancer is not associated with survival. An analysis of 61,775 patients. Ann Surg. 2014;260:601–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Chow SM, Yau S, Kwan CK, et al. Local and regional control in patients with PTC: specific indications of external radiotherapy and radioactive iodine. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2006;13:1159–72.PubMed Chow SM, Yau S, Kwan CK, et al. Local and regional control in patients with PTC: specific indications of external radiotherapy and radioactive iodine. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2006;13:1159–72.PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruel E, Thomas S, Dinan M, et al. Adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy is associated with improved survival for patients with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100:1529–36.PubMedPubMedCentral Ruel E, Thomas S, Dinan M, et al. Adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy is associated with improved survival for patients with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100:1529–36.PubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Zerdoud S, Giraudet AL, Leboulleux S, et al. Radioactive iodine therapy, molecular imaging and serum biomarkers for differentiated thyroid cancer: 2017 guidelines of the French Societies of Nuclear Medicine, Endocrinology, Pathology, Biology, Endocrine Surgery and Head and Neck Surgery. Ann Endocrinol(paris). 2017;78:162–75. Zerdoud S, Giraudet AL, Leboulleux S, et al. Radioactive iodine therapy, molecular imaging and serum biomarkers for differentiated thyroid cancer: 2017 guidelines of the French Societies of Nuclear Medicine, Endocrinology, Pathology, Biology, Endocrine Surgery and Head and Neck Surgery. Ann Endocrinol(paris). 2017;78:162–75.
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Campennì A, Giovanella L, Antonio S, et al. Undetectable or low (〈1 ng/ml) postsurgical thyroglobulin values do not rule out metastases in early stage differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Oncotarget. 2018;9(25):17491–500.PubMedPubMedCentral Campennì A, Giovanella L, Antonio S, et al. Undetectable or low (〈1 ng/ml) postsurgical thyroglobulin values do not rule out metastases in early stage differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Oncotarget. 2018;9(25):17491–500.PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Park EK, Chung JK, Lim IH, et al. Recurrent/metastatic thyroid carcinomas false negative for serum thyroglobulin but positive by posttherapy I‑131 whole body scans. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:172–9.PubMed Park EK, Chung JK, Lim IH, et al. Recurrent/metastatic thyroid carcinomas false negative for serum thyroglobulin but positive by posttherapy I‑131 whole body scans. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:172–9.PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Robenshtok E, Grewal Fish RKS, et al. A low postoperative nonstimulated serum thyroglobulin level does not exclude the presence of radioactive iodine avid metastatic foci in intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Thyroid. 2013;23(4):436–42.PubMed Robenshtok E, Grewal Fish RKS, et al. A low postoperative nonstimulated serum thyroglobulin level does not exclude the presence of radioactive iodine avid metastatic foci in intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Thyroid. 2013;23(4):436–42.PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Brendel AJ, Lambert B, Guyot M, et al. Low levels of serum thyroglobulin after withdrawal of thyroid suppression thyroid suppression therapy in the follow up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med. 1990;16(1):35–8.PubMed Brendel AJ, Lambert B, Guyot M, et al. Low levels of serum thyroglobulin after withdrawal of thyroid suppression thyroid suppression therapy in the follow up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med. 1990;16(1):35–8.PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Fatourechi V, Hay ID, Mullan BP, et al. Are posttherapy radioiodine scans informative and do they influence subsequent therapy of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer? Thyroid. 2000;10:573–7.PubMed Fatourechi V, Hay ID, Mullan BP, et al. Are posttherapy radioiodine scans informative and do they influence subsequent therapy of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer? Thyroid. 2000;10:573–7.PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Sherman SI, Tielens ET, Sostre S, et al. Clinical utility of posttreatment radioiodine scans in the management of patients with thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;78:629–34.PubMed Sherman SI, Tielens ET, Sostre S, et al. Clinical utility of posttreatment radioiodine scans in the management of patients with thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;78:629–34.PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Tallini G, de Biase D, Durante C, et al. BRAF V600E and risk stratification of thyroid microcarcinoma:a multicenter pathological and clinical study. Mod Pathol. 2015;28:1343–59.PubMed Tallini G, de Biase D, Durante C, et al. BRAF V600E and risk stratification of thyroid microcarcinoma:a multicenter pathological and clinical study. Mod Pathol. 2015;28:1343–59.PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Noguchi S, Yamashita H, Uchino S, Watanabe S. Papillary microcarcinoma. World J Surg. 2008;32:747–53.PubMedPubMedCentral Noguchi S, Yamashita H, Uchino S, Watanabe S. Papillary microcarcinoma. World J Surg. 2008;32:747–53.PubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee J, Soh EY. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma presenting with distant metastasis at initial diagnosis: clinical outcomes and prognostic factors. Ann Surg. 2010;251:114–9.PubMed Lee J, Soh EY. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma presenting with distant metastasis at initial diagnosis: clinical outcomes and prognostic factors. Ann Surg. 2010;251:114–9.PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Schönberger J, Marienhagen J, Agha A, et al. Papillary microcarcinoma and papillary cancer of the thyroid ≤ 1 cm: modified definition of the WHO and the therapeutic dilemma. Nuklearmedizin. 2007;46:115–20.PubMed Schönberger J, Marienhagen J, Agha A, et al. Papillary microcarcinoma and papillary cancer of the thyroid ≤ 1 cm: modified definition of the WHO and the therapeutic dilemma. Nuklearmedizin. 2007;46:115–20.PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim SK, Park I, Woo J‑W, et al. Total thyroidectomy versus lobectomy in conventional papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: analysis of 8,676 patients at a single institution. Surgery. 2017;161(2):485–492.PubMed Kim SK, Park I, Woo J‑W, et al. Total thyroidectomy versus lobectomy in conventional papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: analysis of 8,676 patients at a single institution. Surgery. 2017;161(2):485–492.PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim SK, Park I, Woo JW, et al. Predicting factors for bilaterality in papillary thyroid carcinoma with tumor size < 4 cm. Thyroid. 2017;27:207–14.PubMed Kim SK, Park I, Woo JW, et al. Predicting factors for bilaterality in papillary thyroid carcinoma with tumor size < 4 cm. Thyroid. 2017;27:207–14.PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Rubino C, de Vathaire F, Dottorini ME, et al. Second primary malignancy in thyroid cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2003;89:1638–44.PubMedPubMedCentral Rubino C, de Vathaire F, Dottorini ME, et al. Second primary malignancy in thyroid cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2003;89:1638–44.PubMedPubMedCentral
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Sawka AM, Thabane L, Parlea L, et al. Second primary malignancy risk after radioactive iodine treatment for thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid. 2009;19:451–7.PubMed Sawka AM, Thabane L, Parlea L, et al. Second primary malignancy risk after radioactive iodine treatment for thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid. 2009;19:451–7.PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Radivoyevitch T, Sachs RK, Gale RP, et al. Defining AML and MDS second cancer risk dynamics after diagnoses of first cancers treated or not with radiation. Leukemia. 2016;30:285–94.PubMed Radivoyevitch T, Sachs RK, Gale RP, et al. Defining AML and MDS second cancer risk dynamics after diagnoses of first cancers treated or not with radiation. Leukemia. 2016;30:285–94.PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Saenger EL, Thoma GE, Tompkins EA. Incidence of leukemia following treatment of hyperthyroidism. Preliminary report of the Cooperative Thyrotoxicosis Therapy Follow-Up Study. JAMA. 1968;16;205(12):855–62. Saenger EL, Thoma GE, Tompkins EA. Incidence of leukemia following treatment of hyperthyroidism. Preliminary report of the Cooperative Thyrotoxicosis Therapy Follow-Up Study. JAMA. 1968;16;205(12):855–62.
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Seo GH, Cho YY, Chung JH, Kim SW. Increased risk of leukemia after radioactive iodine therapy inpatients with thyroid cancer: a nationwide, population-based study in Korea. Thyroid. 2015;25:927–34.PubMed Seo GH, Cho YY, Chung JH, Kim SW. Increased risk of leukemia after radioactive iodine therapy inpatients with thyroid cancer: a nationwide, population-based study in Korea. Thyroid. 2015;25:927–34.PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Teng CJ, Hu YW, Chen SC, et al. Use of radioactive iodine for thyroid cancer and risk of second primary malignancy: a nationwide population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015;3:108. Teng CJ, Hu YW, Chen SC, et al. Use of radioactive iodine for thyroid cancer and risk of second primary malignancy: a nationwide population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015;3:108.
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Molenaar RJ, Sidana S, Radivoyevitch T, et al. Risk of hematologic malignancies after radioiodine treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(18):1831–9.PubMed Molenaar RJ, Sidana S, Radivoyevitch T, et al. Risk of hematologic malignancies after radioiodine treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(18):1831–9.PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Greenspan BS. Radioiodine treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer: balancing risks and benefits. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(18):1785–7.PubMed Greenspan BS. Radioiodine treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer: balancing risks and benefits. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(18):1785–7.PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirsch D, Shohat T, Gorshtein A, et al. Incidence of nonthyroidal primary malignancy and the association with (131)I treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26:1110–6.PubMed Hirsch D, Shohat T, Gorshtein A, et al. Incidence of nonthyroidal primary malignancy and the association with (131)I treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26:1110–6.PubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Mallick U, Harmer C, Yap B, et al. Ablation with low-dose radioiodine and thyrotropin alfa in thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1674–85.PubMed Mallick U, Harmer C, Yap B, et al. Ablation with low-dose radioiodine and thyrotropin alfa in thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1674–85.PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Schlumberger M, Catargi B, Borget I, et al. Strategies of radioiodine ablation in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1663–73.PubMed Schlumberger M, Catargi B, Borget I, et al. Strategies of radioiodine ablation in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1663–73.PubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Caglar M, Bozkurt FM, Akca CK, et al. Comparison of 800 and 3700 MBq iodine-131 for the postoperative ablation of thyroid remnant in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun. 2012;33:268–74.PubMed Caglar M, Bozkurt FM, Akca CK, et al. Comparison of 800 and 3700 MBq iodine-131 for the postoperative ablation of thyroid remnant in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun. 2012;33:268–74.PubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Fallahi B, Beiki D, Takavar A, et al. Low versus high radioiodine dose in postoperative ablation of residual thyroid tissue in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a large randomized clinical trial. Nucl Med Commun. 2012;33:275–82.PubMed Fallahi B, Beiki D, Takavar A, et al. Low versus high radioiodine dose in postoperative ablation of residual thyroid tissue in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a large randomized clinical trial. Nucl Med Commun. 2012;33:275–82.PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Kukulska A, Krajewska J, Gawkowska-Suwinska M, et al. Radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC): prospective comparison of long-term outcomes of treatment with 30, 60 and 100 mCi. Thyroid Res. 2010;3:9.PubMedPubMedCentral Kukulska A, Krajewska J, Gawkowska-Suwinska M, et al. Radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC): prospective comparison of long-term outcomes of treatment with 30, 60 and 100 mCi. Thyroid Res. 2010;3:9.PubMedPubMedCentral
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Sirisalipoch S, Buachum V, Pasawang P, et al. Prospective randomized trial for evaluation of efficacy of low versus high dose I‑131 for postoperative remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer. Chula Med J. 2006;50:695–706. Sirisalipoch S, Buachum V, Pasawang P, et al. Prospective randomized trial for evaluation of efficacy of low versus high dose I‑131 for postoperative remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer. Chula Med J. 2006;50:695–706.
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Bal C, Padhy AK, Jana S, et al. Prospective randomized clinical trial to evaluate the optimal dose of 131I for remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Cancer. 1996;77:2574–80.PubMed Bal C, Padhy AK, Jana S, et al. Prospective randomized clinical trial to evaluate the optimal dose of 131I for remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Cancer. 1996;77:2574–80.PubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Bal CS, Kumar A, Pant GS. Radioiodine dose for remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a randomized clinical trial in 509 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:1666–73.PubMed Bal CS, Kumar A, Pant GS. Radioiodine dose for remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a randomized clinical trial in 509 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:1666–73.PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Todica A, Haidvogl S, Fendler WP, et al. Effectiveness of reduced radioiodine activity for thyroid remnant ablation after total thyroidectomy in patients with low to intermediate risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Nuklearmedizin. 2017;56:211–8.PubMed Todica A, Haidvogl S, Fendler WP, et al. Effectiveness of reduced radioiodine activity for thyroid remnant ablation after total thyroidectomy in patients with low to intermediate risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Nuklearmedizin. 2017;56:211–8.PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Jonklaas J, Sarlis NJ, Litofsky D, et al. Outcomes of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma following initial therapy. Thyroid. 2006;16:1229–42.PubMed Jonklaas J, Sarlis NJ, Litofsky D, et al. Outcomes of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma following initial therapy. Thyroid. 2006;16:1229–42.PubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown RL. Standard and emerging therapeutic approaches for thyroid malignancies. Semin Oncol. 2008;35:298–308.PubMed Brown RL. Standard and emerging therapeutic approaches for thyroid malignancies. Semin Oncol. 2008;35:298–308.PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Faber J, Selmer C. Cardiovascular disease and thyroid function. Front Horm Res. 2014;43:45–56.PubMed Faber J, Selmer C. Cardiovascular disease and thyroid function. Front Horm Res. 2014;43:45–56.PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Abonowara A, Quraishi A, Sapp JL, et al. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients taking TSH suppression therapy for management of thyroid cancer. Clin Invest Med. 2012;35(3):E152–156.PubMed Abonowara A, Quraishi A, Sapp JL, et al. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients taking TSH suppression therapy for management of thyroid cancer. Clin Invest Med. 2012;35(3):E152–156.PubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang LY, Smith AW, Palmer FL, et al. Thyrotropin suppression increases the risk of osteoporosis without decreasing recurrence in ATA low- and intermediate-risk patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2015;25:300–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Wang LY, Smith AW, Palmer FL, et al. Thyrotropin suppression increases the risk of osteoporosis without decreasing recurrence in ATA low- and intermediate-risk patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2015;25:300–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
Aktuelle Diskussion zur risikoadaptierten Therapie des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms: Ist weniger (Therapie) wirklich mehr?
verfasst von
Amir Kurtaran
Brigitta Schmoll-Hauer
Christina Tugendsam
Publikationsdatum
03.12.2019
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift / Ausgabe 1-2/2020
Print ISSN: 0043-5341
Elektronische ISSN: 1563-258X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-019-00713-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1-2/2020

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1-2/2020 Zur Ausgabe

editorial

Schilddrüse