Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 19-20/2014

01.10.2014 | main topic

Sitting at the window to the world—ocular parasites

verfasst von: a.o. Univ. Prof. Dr. Talin Barisani-Asenbauer

Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | Ausgabe 19-20/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Summary

Parasitic infections cause significant ophthalmic disease, both in developing countries and in the Western world. The parasitic infections Acanthamoeba keratitis, ocular toxoplasmosis, and ocular toxocariasis are responsible for a significant proportion of ocular pathology. Especially in light of the recent increase of immunocompromised (i.e. using immunosuppressants or HIV) and aged populations, parasitic infections of the eye are rising in number. This reviews aims to describe the pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and management of infection, as well as preventative measures for these three parasitic ocular diseases.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoti SL, Tandon V. Ocular parasitoses and their immunology. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2011 Dec;19(6):385–96. Hoti SL, Tandon V. Ocular parasitoses and their immunology. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2011 Dec;19(6):385–96.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Nimir AR, Saliem A, Ibrahim IA. Ophthalmic parasitosis: a review article. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2012;2012:58740–2. Nimir AR, Saliem A, Ibrahim IA. Ophthalmic parasitosis: a review article. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2012;2012:58740–2.
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Otranto D, Eberhard ML. Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye. Parasit Vectors. 2011 Mar 23;4:4–1. Otranto D, Eberhard ML. Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye. Parasit Vectors. 2011 Mar 23;4:4–1.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Lorenzo-Morales J, Martín-Navarro CM, López-Arencibia A, et al. Acanthamoeba keratitis: an emerging disease gathering importance worldwide? Trends Parasitol. 2013 Apr;29(4):181–7.PubMed Lorenzo-Morales J, Martín-Navarro CM, López-Arencibia A, et al. Acanthamoeba keratitis: an emerging disease gathering importance worldwide? Trends Parasitol. 2013 Apr;29(4):181–7.PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Seal DV. Acanthamoeba keratitis update-incidence, molecular epidemiology and new drugs for treatment. Eye (Lond). 2003 Nov;17(8):893–905. Seal DV. Acanthamoeba keratitis update-incidence, molecular epidemiology and new drugs for treatment. Eye (Lond). 2003 Nov;17(8):893–905.
6.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Cao Z, Jefferson DM, Panjwani N. Role of carbohydrate-mediated adherence in cytopathogenic mechanisms of Acanthamoeba. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jun 9;273(25):15838–45. Cao Z, Jefferson DM, Panjwani N. Role of carbohydrate-mediated adherence in cytopathogenic mechanisms of Acanthamoeba. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jun 9;273(25):15838–45.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Qian Y, Meisler DM, Langston RH, Jeng BH. Clinical experience with Acanthamoeba keratitis at the cole eye institute, 1999–2008. Cornea. 2010 Sep;29(9):1016–21.PubMedCrossRef Qian Y, Meisler DM, Langston RH, Jeng BH. Clinical experience with Acanthamoeba keratitis at the cole eye institute, 1999–2008. Cornea. 2010 Sep;29(9):1016–21.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Clarke B, Sinha A, Parmar DN, et al. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acanthamoeba keratitis. J Ophthalmol. 2012;2012:48489–2. doi:10.1155/2012/484892. Clarke B, Sinha A, Parmar DN, et al. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acanthamoeba keratitis. J Ophthalmol. 2012;2012:48489–2. doi:10.1155/2012/484892.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Awwad ST, Petroll WM, McCulley JP, et al. Updates in Acanthamoeba keratitis. Eye Contact Lens. 2007 Jan;33(1):1–8.PubMedCrossRef Awwad ST, Petroll WM, McCulley JP, et al. Updates in Acanthamoeba keratitis. Eye Contact Lens. 2007 Jan;33(1):1–8.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Page MA, Mathers WD. Acanthamoeba keratitis: a 12-year experience covering a wide spectrum of presentations, diagnoses, and outcomes. J Ophthalmol. 2013;2013:670242. doi:10.1155/2013/670242. Epub 2013 Jun 12. PubMed PMID: 23840938; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3694549. Page MA, Mathers WD. Acanthamoeba keratitis: a 12-year experience covering a wide spectrum of presentations, diagnoses, and outcomes. J Ophthalmol. 2013;2013:670242. doi:10.1155/2013/670242. Epub 2013 Jun 12. PubMed PMID: 23840938; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3694549.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Aksozek A, McClellan K, Howard K, et al. Resistance of Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts to physical, chemical, and radiological conditions. J Parasitol. 2002 Jun;88(3):621–3.PubMedCrossRef Aksozek A, McClellan K, Howard K, et al. Resistance of Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts to physical, chemical, and radiological conditions. J Parasitol. 2002 Jun;88(3):621–3.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Walochnik J, Obwaller A, Gruber F, et al. Anti-acanthamoeba efficacy and toxicity of miltefosine in an organotypic skin equivalent. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Sep;64(3):539–45PubMedCrossRef Walochnik J, Obwaller A, Gruber F, et al. Anti-acanthamoeba efficacy and toxicity of miltefosine in an organotypic skin equivalent. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Sep;64(3):539–45PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Polat ZA, Obwaller A, Vural A, et al. Efficacy of miltefosine for topical treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Syrian hamsters. Parasitol Res. 2012 Feb;110(2):515–20.PubMedCrossRef Polat ZA, Obwaller A, Vural A, et al. Efficacy of miltefosine for topical treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Syrian hamsters. Parasitol Res. 2012 Feb;110(2):515–20.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Aichelburg AC, Walochnik J, Assadian O, et al. Successful treatment of disseminated Acanthamoeba sp. infection with miltefosine. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Nov;14(11):1743–6.PubMedCrossRef Aichelburg AC, Walochnik J, Assadian O, et al. Successful treatment of disseminated Acanthamoeba sp. infection with miltefosine. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Nov;14(11):1743–6.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Barisani-Asenbauer T, Walochnik J, Mejdoubi L, et al. Sucessful management of recurrent Acanthamoeba keratitis using topical and systemic miltefosine. 2012 EVER meeting abstracts, abstract # eF095. Accessed 5. May 2013. Barisani-Asenbauer T, Walochnik J, Mejdoubi L, et al. Sucessful management of recurrent Acanthamoeba keratitis using topical and systemic miltefosine. 2012 EVER meeting abstracts, abstract # eF095. Accessed 5. May 2013.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Khan YA, Kashiwabuchi RT, Martins SA, et al. Riboflavin and ultraviolet light a therapy as an adjuvant treatment for medically refractive Acanthamoeba keratitis: report of 3 cases. Ophthalmology. 2011 Feb;118(2):324–31.PubMedCrossRef Khan YA, Kashiwabuchi RT, Martins SA, et al. Riboflavin and ultraviolet light a therapy as an adjuvant treatment for medically refractive Acanthamoeba keratitis: report of 3 cases. Ophthalmology. 2011 Feb;118(2):324–31.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Parthasarathy A, Tan DT. Deep lamellar keratoplasty for acanthamoeba keratitis. Cornea. 2007 Sep;26(8):1021–3.PubMedCrossRef Parthasarathy A, Tan DT. Deep lamellar keratoplasty for acanthamoeba keratitis. Cornea. 2007 Sep;26(8):1021–3.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Dodds EM, Holland GN, Stanford MR, et al. Intraocular inflammation associated with ocular toxoplasmosis: relationships at initial examination. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Dec;146(6):856–65.e2. Dodds EM, Holland GN, Stanford MR, et al. Intraocular inflammation associated with ocular toxoplasmosis: relationships at initial examination. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Dec;146(6):856–65.e2.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldenberg D, Goldstein M, Loewenstein A, Habot-Wilner Z. Vitreal, retinal, and choroidal findings in active and scarred toxoplasmosis lesions: a prospective study by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013 Aug;251(8):2037–45.PubMedCrossRef Goldenberg D, Goldstein M, Loewenstein A, Habot-Wilner Z. Vitreal, retinal, and choroidal findings in active and scarred toxoplasmosis lesions: a prospective study by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013 Aug;251(8):2037–45.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Vasconcelos-Santos DV. Ocular manifestations of systemic disease: toxoplasmosis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2012 Nov;23(6):543–50. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e328358bae5.PubMedCrossRef Vasconcelos-Santos DV. Ocular manifestations of systemic disease: toxoplasmosis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2012 Nov;23(6):543–50. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e328358bae5.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Vallochi AL, Goldberg AC, Falcai A, et al. Molecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly. Clin Ophthalmol. 2008 Dec;2(4):837–48.PubMed Vallochi AL, Goldberg AC, Falcai A, et al. Molecular markers of susceptibility to ocular toxoplasmosis, host and guest behaving badly. Clin Ophthalmol. 2008 Dec;2(4):837–48.PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Sugita S, Ogawa M, Shimizu N, Morio T, Ohguro N, Nakai K, Maruyama K, Nagata K, Takeda A, Usui Y, Sonoda KH, Takeuchi M, Mochizuki M. Use of a comprehensive polymerase chain reaction system for diagnosis of ocular infectious diseases. Ophthalmology. 2013 Sep;120(9):1761–8.PubMedCrossRef Sugita S, Ogawa M, Shimizu N, Morio T, Ohguro N, Nakai K, Maruyama K, Nagata K, Takeda A, Usui Y, Sonoda KH, Takeuchi M, Mochizuki M. Use of a comprehensive polymerase chain reaction system for diagnosis of ocular infectious diseases. Ophthalmology. 2013 Sep;120(9):1761–8.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Stanford MR, See SE, Jones LV, et al. Antibiotics for toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis: an evidence-based systematic review. Ophthalmology. 2003 May;110(5):926–31.CrossRef Stanford MR, See SE, Jones LV, et al. Antibiotics for toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis: an evidence-based systematic review. Ophthalmology. 2003 May;110(5):926–31.CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Rothova A, Bosch-Driessen LE, van Loon NH, et al. Azithromycin for ocular toxoplasmosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998 Nov;82(11):1306–8.PubMedCrossRef Rothova A, Bosch-Driessen LE, van Loon NH, et al. Azithromycin for ocular toxoplasmosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998 Nov;82(11):1306–8.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Soheilian M, Sadoughi MM, Ghajarnia M, et al. Prospective randomized trial of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole versus pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine in the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Ophthalmology. 2005 Nov;112(11):1876–82.PubMedCrossRef Soheilian M, Sadoughi MM, Ghajarnia M, et al. Prospective randomized trial of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole versus pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine in the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Ophthalmology. 2005 Nov;112(11):1876–82.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Lasave AF, Díaz-Llopis M, Muccioli C, et al. Intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone for zone 1 toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis at twenty-four months. Ophthalmology. 2010 Sep;117(9):1831–8. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.01.028.PubMedCrossRef Lasave AF, Díaz-Llopis M, Muccioli C, et al. Intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone for zone 1 toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis at twenty-four months. Ophthalmology. 2010 Sep;117(9):1831–8. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.01.028.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Silveira C, Belfort R Jr, Muccioli C, Holland GN, Victora CG, Horta BL, Yu F, Nussenblatt RB. The effect of long-term intermittent trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment on recurrences of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 Jul;134(1):41–6.PubMed Silveira C, Belfort R Jr, Muccioli C, Holland GN, Victora CG, Horta BL, Yu F, Nussenblatt RB. The effect of long-term intermittent trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment on recurrences of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 Jul;134(1):41–6.PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Despommier D. Toxocariasis: clinical aspects, epidemiology, medical ecology, and molecular aspects. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003 Apr;16(2):265–72. Despommier D. Toxocariasis: clinical aspects, epidemiology, medical ecology, and molecular aspects. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003 Apr;16(2):265–72.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Azam D, Ukpai OM, Said A, et al. Temperature and the development and survival of infective Toxocara canis larvae. Parasitol Res. 2012 Feb;110(2):649–56.PubMedCrossRef Azam D, Ukpai OM, Said A, et al. Temperature and the development and survival of infective Toxocara canis larvae. Parasitol Res. 2012 Feb;110(2):649–56.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Chomel BB, Kasten R, Adams C, et al. Serosurvey of some major zoonotic infections in children and teenagers in Bali, Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1993 Jun;24(2):321–6.PubMed Chomel BB, Kasten R, Adams C, et al. Serosurvey of some major zoonotic infections in children and teenagers in Bali, Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1993 Jun;24(2):321–6.PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Magnaval JF, Michault A, Calon N, et al. Epidemiology of human toxocariasis in La Réunion. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Sep-Oct;88(5):531–3. Magnaval JF, Michault A, Calon N, et al. Epidemiology of human toxocariasis in La Réunion. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Sep-Oct;88(5):531–3.
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Barisani-Asenbauer T, Maca SM, Hauff W, Kaminski SL, Domanovits H, Theyer I, Auer H. Treatment of ocular toxocariasis with albendazole. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Jun;17(3):287–94.PubMedCrossRef Barisani-Asenbauer T, Maca SM, Hauff W, Kaminski SL, Domanovits H, Theyer I, Auer H. Treatment of ocular toxocariasis with albendazole. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Jun;17(3):287–94.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Woodhall D, Starr MC, Montgomery SP, Jones JL, Lum F, Read RW, Moorthy RS. Ocular toxocariasis: epidemiologic, anatomic, and therapeutic variations based on a survey of ophthalmic subspecialists. Ophthalmology. 2012 Jun;119(6):1211–7.PubMedCrossRef Woodhall D, Starr MC, Montgomery SP, Jones JL, Lum F, Read RW, Moorthy RS. Ocular toxocariasis: epidemiologic, anatomic, and therapeutic variations based on a survey of ophthalmic subspecialists. Ophthalmology. 2012 Jun;119(6):1211–7.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat de Visser L, Rothova A, de Boer JH, et al. Diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis by establishing intraocular antibody production. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Feb;145(2):369–74. de Visser L, Rothova A, de Boer JH, et al. Diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis by establishing intraocular antibody production. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Feb;145(2):369–74.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ocular toxocariasis—United States, 2009-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Jun 10;60(22):734–6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ocular toxocariasis—United States, 2009-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Jun 10;60(22):734–6.
Metadaten
Titel
Sitting at the window to the world—ocular parasites
verfasst von
a.o. Univ. Prof. Dr. Talin Barisani-Asenbauer
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2014
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift / Ausgabe 19-20/2014
Print ISSN: 0043-5341
Elektronische ISSN: 1563-258X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-014-0309-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 19-20/2014

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 19-20/2014 Zur Ausgabe

editorial

Editorial