Skip to main content
Erschienen in: European Surgery 6/2014

01.12.2014 | Main Topic

Management of atherosclerotic supraaortic lesions

verfasst von: K. Linni, MD, M. Aspalter, MD, P. Metzger, MD, Prof. H. Magometschnigg, Prof. T. Hölzenbein

Erschienen in: European Surgery | Ausgabe 6/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

Prevention of cerebrovascular ischemic lesions due to atherosclerotic occlusive disease (AOD) of supraaortic vessels plays a major role in the daily workload of a vascular surgeon. The aim of this study was to give an overview of current endovascular and surgical treatment options for patients suffering from internal carotid artery (ICA), vertebral artery (VA), proximal subclavian artery (SA), and common carotid artery (CCA) AOD within a modern multidisciplinary management concept.

Methods

A systemic review of the literature on management of supraaortic AOD was undertaken. Medline (1995–2014) and Cochrane Electronic Databases (2014) were searched for publications dealing with surgical and endovascular treatment of ICA, VA, SA, and/or CCA lesions, respectively.

Results

ICA stenosis is the most common supraaortic lesion and is regarded as an indicator for endarterectomy (eversion or standard) in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with stent should be restricted to patients with hostile neck, contralateral laryngeal nerve palsy, high-grade restenosis, or very distal ICA stenosis. Other supraaortic lesions like VA, SA, and CCA stenosis/occlusion were initially operated via a transthoracic approach but high complication rates brought extrathoracic surgical techniques forward. Since the 1980s PTA with its minimally invasive character and its progressive stent technology has become the treatment of choice for patients with VA, SA, or CCA lesions.

Conclusions

Primary ICA stenosis should be treated by endarterectomy first. All other supraaortic lesions should be managed endovascularly but surgery poses a good treatment alternative if endovascular management fails or is contraindicated.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endartectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Eng J Med. 1991;325:445–53.CrossRef North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endartectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Eng J Med. 1991;325:445–53.CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Haghighi AB, Edgell RC, Cruz-Flores S, Zaidat OO. Vertebral artery origin stenosis and its treatment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011;20(4):369–76.CrossRef Haghighi AB, Edgell RC, Cruz-Flores S, Zaidat OO. Vertebral artery origin stenosis and its treatment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011;20(4):369–76.CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Wityk RJ, Chang HM, Rosengart A, et al. Proximal extracranial vertebral artery disease in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. Arch Neurol. 1998;55:470–8.PubMedCrossRef Wityk RJ, Chang HM, Rosengart A, et al. Proximal extracranial vertebral artery disease in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. Arch Neurol. 1998;55:470–8.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kieffer E, Praquin B, Chiche L, Koskas F, Bahnini A. Distal vertebral artery reconstruction: Long-term outcome. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36:549–54.PubMedCrossRef Kieffer E, Praquin B, Chiche L, Koskas F, Bahnini A. Distal vertebral artery reconstruction: Long-term outcome. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36:549–54.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Clair DG, Greenberg RK. Diagnosis and treatment of proximal carotid lesions. Semin Vasc Surg. 2000;13(2):103–8.PubMed Clair DG, Greenberg RK. Diagnosis and treatment of proximal carotid lesions. Semin Vasc Surg. 2000;13(2):103–8.PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Czerny M, Zimpfer D, Rödler S, et al. Endovascular stent–graft placement of aneurysms involving the descending aorta originating from chronic type B dissections. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;83:1635–9.PubMedCrossRef Czerny M, Zimpfer D, Rödler S, et al. Endovascular stent–graft placement of aneurysms involving the descending aorta originating from chronic type B dissections. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;83:1635–9.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Crawford ES, DeBakey ME, Morris GC, Cooley DA. Thromboobliterative disease of the great vessels arising from the aortic arch. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1962;43:38–53.PubMed Crawford ES, DeBakey ME, Morris GC, Cooley DA. Thromboobliterative disease of the great vessels arising from the aortic arch. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1962;43:38–53.PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bachman DM, Kim RM. Transluminal dilatation for subclavian steal syndrome. Am J Roentgenol. 1980;135:995–6.CrossRef Bachman DM, Kim RM. Transluminal dilatation for subclavian steal syndrome. Am J Roentgenol. 1980;135:995–6.CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Selim MH, Molina CA. Medical versus surgical treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis: the ever-changing nature of evidence-based medicine. Stroke. 2011;42:1156–7.PubMedCrossRef Selim MH, Molina CA. Medical versus surgical treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis: the ever-changing nature of evidence-based medicine. Stroke. 2011;42:1156–7.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet. 1998;351:1379–87.CrossRef European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet. 1998;351:1379–87.CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA. 1995;273:1421–8.CrossRef Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA. 1995;273:1421–8.CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial Collaborators. The MRC Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST): carotid endarterectomy prevents disabling and fatal carotid territory strokes. Lancet. 2004;363:1491–502.CrossRef Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial Collaborators. The MRC Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST): carotid endarterectomy prevents disabling and fatal carotid territory strokes. Lancet. 2004;363:1491–502.CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Gray W. ARCHeR Trial Investigators. Two-year composite endpoint results for the ARCHeR trial: ACCULINK for revascularization of carotids in high risk patients. Am Heart J. 2004;94(Suppl):62E. Gray W. ARCHeR Trial Investigators. Two-year composite endpoint results for the ARCHeR trial: ACCULINK for revascularization of carotids in high risk patients. Am Heart J. 2004;94(Suppl):62E.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Alberts MJ. WALLSTENT. Results of a multicenter prospective randomized trial of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy (abstract). Stroke. 2001;32:325.CrossRef Alberts MJ. WALLSTENT. Results of a multicenter prospective randomized trial of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy (abstract). Stroke. 2001;32:325.CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Mas JL, Chatellier G, Beyssen B, et al. Endarterectomy versus stenting in patients with severe symptomatic stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1660–71.PubMedCrossRef Mas JL, Chatellier G, Beyssen B, et al. Endarterectomy versus stenting in patients with severe symptomatic stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1660–71.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat CAVATAS Investigators. Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the carotid and vertebral artery transluminal angioplasty study (CAVATAS): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2001;357:1729–37.CrossRef CAVATAS Investigators. Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the carotid and vertebral artery transluminal angioplasty study (CAVATAS): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2001;357:1729–37.CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Yadav JS, Wholey MH, Kuntz RE, et al. Protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1493–501.PubMedCrossRef Yadav JS, Wholey MH, Kuntz RE, et al. Protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1493–501.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell P. Limitations to the value of the Sapphire trial. Acta Chir Belg. 2006;106:141–3.PubMed Bell P. Limitations to the value of the Sapphire trial. Acta Chir Belg. 2006;106:141–3.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Domenig C, Hölzenbein T. Selected commentary to “Protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients” Eur Surg. 2005;37(2):107–9.CrossRef Domenig C, Hölzenbein T. Selected commentary to “Protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients” Eur Surg. 2005;37(2):107–9.CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat SPACE Collaborators. Stent protected angioplasty versus carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients: 30 days results from the SPACE Trial. Lancet. 2006;368:1239–47.CrossRef SPACE Collaborators. Stent protected angioplasty versus carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients: 30 days results from the SPACE Trial. Lancet. 2006;368:1239–47.CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Brott TG, Hobson RW II, Howard G, et al. CREST Investigators. Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:11–23.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Brott TG, Hobson RW II, Howard G, et al. CREST Investigators. Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:11–23.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat International Carotid Stenting Study Investigators. Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;375:985–97. (Erratum in Lancet. 2010;376:90)PubMedCentralCrossRef International Carotid Stenting Study Investigators. Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;375:985–97. (Erratum in Lancet. 2010;376:90)PubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Qureshi AI, Kirmani JF, Divani AA, Hobson RW 2nd. Carotid angiolasty with or without stent placement versus carotid endarterectomy for treatment of carotid stenosis: a meta-analysis. Neurosurgery. 2005;56:1171–9.PubMedCrossRef Qureshi AI, Kirmani JF, Divani AA, Hobson RW 2nd. Carotid angiolasty with or without stent placement versus carotid endarterectomy for treatment of carotid stenosis: a meta-analysis. Neurosurgery. 2005;56:1171–9.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Omlor G, Schröder J, Müller M, Behnke S, Lindemann W, Meyer A. Optimierung der Ergebnisse nach Karotis-TEA durch „No-touch-isolation-Technik“ und intraoperative Angiographie. Gefässchirurgie. 2000;5:99–104.CrossRef Omlor G, Schröder J, Müller M, Behnke S, Lindemann W, Meyer A. Optimierung der Ergebnisse nach Karotis-TEA durch „No-touch-isolation-Technik“ und intraoperative Angiographie. Gefässchirurgie. 2000;5:99–104.CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Stanziale SF, Marone LK, Boules TN, et al. Carotid artery stenting in octogenarians is associated with increased adverse outcomes. J Vasc Surg. 2006;43:297–304.PubMedCrossRef Stanziale SF, Marone LK, Boules TN, et al. Carotid artery stenting in octogenarians is associated with increased adverse outcomes. J Vasc Surg. 2006;43:297–304.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Lam RC, Lin SC, DeRubertis B, Hynecek R, Kent KC, Faries PL. The impact of increasing age on anatomic factors affecting carotid angioplasty and stenting. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45:875–80.PubMedCrossRef Lam RC, Lin SC, DeRubertis B, Hynecek R, Kent KC, Faries PL. The impact of increasing age on anatomic factors affecting carotid angioplasty and stenting. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45:875–80.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Mlekusch W, Schillinger M, Sabeti S, et al. Hypotension and bradycardia after elective carotid stenting: frequency and risk factors. J Endovasc Ther. 2003;10:851–61.PubMedCrossRef Mlekusch W, Schillinger M, Sabeti S, et al. Hypotension and bradycardia after elective carotid stenting: frequency and risk factors. J Endovasc Ther. 2003;10:851–61.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Jordan WD Jr, Voellinger DC, Doblar DD, Plyuscheva NP, Fisher WS, McDopwell HA. Microemboli detected by transcranial Doppler monitoring in patients during carotid angioplasty versus carotid endarterctomy. Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;7:33–48.PubMedCrossRef Jordan WD Jr, Voellinger DC, Doblar DD, Plyuscheva NP, Fisher WS, McDopwell HA. Microemboli detected by transcranial Doppler monitoring in patients during carotid angioplasty versus carotid endarterctomy. Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;7:33–48.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Gossetti B, Gattuso R, Irace L, et al. Embolism to the brain during carotid stenting and surgery. Acta Chir Belg. 2007;107:151–4.PubMed Gossetti B, Gattuso R, Irace L, et al. Embolism to the brain during carotid stenting and surgery. Acta Chir Belg. 2007;107:151–4.PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Czerny M, Schuch P, Sodeck G, et al. Sustained cognitive benefit 5 years after carotid endarterecomy. J Vasc Surg. 2010;51(5):1139–44.PubMedCrossRef Czerny M, Schuch P, Sodeck G, et al. Sustained cognitive benefit 5 years after carotid endarterecomy. J Vasc Surg. 2010;51(5):1139–44.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferguson GG, Eliasziw M, Barr HWK, et al. The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial: surgical results in 1415 patients. Stroke. 1999;30(9):1751–8.PubMedCrossRef Ferguson GG, Eliasziw M, Barr HWK, et al. The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial: surgical results in 1415 patients. Stroke. 1999;30(9):1751–8.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Yavin D, Roberts DJ, Tso M, Sutherland GR, Eliasziw M, Wong JH. Carotid endarterectomy versus stenting: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Can J Neurol Sci. 2011;38:230–5.PubMedCrossRef Yavin D, Roberts DJ, Tso M, Sutherland GR, Eliasziw M, Wong JH. Carotid endarterectomy versus stenting: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Can J Neurol Sci. 2011;38:230–5.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Jordan WD, Roye GD, Fisher WS, Redden D, McDowell HA. A cost comparison of balloon angioplasty and stenting versus endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. J Vasc Surg. 1998;27:16–24.PubMedCrossRef Jordan WD, Roye GD, Fisher WS, Redden D, McDowell HA. A cost comparison of balloon angioplasty and stenting versus endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. J Vasc Surg. 1998;27:16–24.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Gray WA, White HJ Jr, Barrett DM, Chandran G, Turner R, Reisman M. Carotid stenting and endarterctomy: a clinical and cost comparison of revascularization strategies. Stroke. 2002;33:1063–70.PubMedCrossRef Gray WA, White HJ Jr, Barrett DM, Chandran G, Turner R, Reisman M. Carotid stenting and endarterctomy: a clinical and cost comparison of revascularization strategies. Stroke. 2002;33:1063–70.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Park B, Mavanur A, Dahn M, Menzoian J. Clinical outcomes and cost comparison of carotid artery angioplasty with stenting versus carotid endarterctomy. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:270–6.PubMedCrossRef Park B, Mavanur A, Dahn M, Menzoian J. Clinical outcomes and cost comparison of carotid artery angioplasty with stenting versus carotid endarterctomy. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:270–6.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Kilaru S, Korn P, Kasirajan K, et al. Is carotid angioplasty and stenting more cost effective than carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg. 2003;37:331–9.PubMedCrossRef Kilaru S, Korn P, Kasirajan K, et al. Is carotid angioplasty and stenting more cost effective than carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg. 2003;37:331–9.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Young KC, Holloway RG, Burgin WS, Benesch CG. A cost-effectiveness analysis of carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;19(5):404–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Young KC, Holloway RG, Burgin WS, Benesch CG. A cost-effectiveness analysis of carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;19(5):404–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Reigner B, Reveilleau P, Gayral M, Papon X, Enon B, Chevalier JM. Eversion endarterectomy of the internal carotid artery: mid-term results of a new technique. Ann Vasc Surg. 1995;9:141–6.CrossRef Reigner B, Reveilleau P, Gayral M, Papon X, Enon B, Chevalier JM. Eversion endarterectomy of the internal carotid artery: mid-term results of a new technique. Ann Vasc Surg. 1995;9:141–6.CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Mehta M, Rahmani O, Dietzek AM, et al. Eversion technique increases the risk of post-carotid endarterectomy hypertension. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34(5):839–45.PubMedCrossRef Mehta M, Rahmani O, Dietzek AM, et al. Eversion technique increases the risk of post-carotid endarterectomy hypertension. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34(5):839–45.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Demirel S, Bruijnen H, Attigah N, Hakimi M, Böckler D. The effect of eversion and conventional-patch technique in carotid surgery on postoperative hypertension. J Vasc Surg. 2011;54(1):80–6.PubMedCrossRef Demirel S, Bruijnen H, Attigah N, Hakimi M, Böckler D. The effect of eversion and conventional-patch technique in carotid surgery on postoperative hypertension. J Vasc Surg. 2011;54(1):80–6.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Linni K, Mader N, Hölzenbein Th. Competitive strategies for surgery in the treatment of primary internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Eur Surg. 2008;40(5):227–38.CrossRef Linni K, Mader N, Hölzenbein Th. Competitive strategies for surgery in the treatment of primary internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Eur Surg. 2008;40(5):227–38.CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, et al. ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS Guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery. Developed in collaboration with the American Academy of Neurology and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:e16–94.PubMedCrossRef Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, et al. ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS Guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery. Developed in collaboration with the American Academy of Neurology and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:e16–94.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Moufarrij NA, Little JR, Furlan AJ, Williams G, Marzewski DJ. Vertebral artery stenosis: long-term follow-up. Stroke. 1984;15:260–3.PubMedCrossRef Moufarrij NA, Little JR, Furlan AJ, Williams G, Marzewski DJ. Vertebral artery stenosis: long-term follow-up. Stroke. 1984;15:260–3.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Cate WR, Scott HW Jr. Cerebral ischemia of central origin: Relief by subclavian-vertebral artery thrombendarterectomy. Surgery. 1959;45:19–30.PubMed Cate WR, Scott HW Jr. Cerebral ischemia of central origin: Relief by subclavian-vertebral artery thrombendarterectomy. Surgery. 1959;45:19–30.PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Berguer R. Vertebrobasilar ischemia: indications, techniques, and results of surgical repair. In: Vascular Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 2000. pp. 1823–37. Berguer R. Vertebrobasilar ischemia: indications, techniques, and results of surgical repair. In: Vascular Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 2000. pp. 1823–37.
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Berguer R, Flynn LM, Kline RA, Caplan L. Surgical reconstruction of the extracranial vertebral artery: management and outcome. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31:9–18.PubMedCrossRef Berguer R, Flynn LM, Kline RA, Caplan L. Surgical reconstruction of the extracranial vertebral artery: management and outcome. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31:9–18.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Picquet J, Benharash P, Blin V, Jousset Y, Papon X, Enon B. Surgery of the pretransversal vertebral artery: indications and results. Int Angiol. 2007;26:279–84.PubMed Picquet J, Benharash P, Blin V, Jousset Y, Papon X, Enon B. Surgery of the pretransversal vertebral artery: indications and results. Int Angiol. 2007;26:279–84.PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Diaz FG, Ausman JI, de los Reyes RA, et al. Surgical reconstruction of the proximal vertebral artery. J Neurosurg. 1984;61:874–81.PubMedCrossRef Diaz FG, Ausman JI, de los Reyes RA, et al. Surgical reconstruction of the proximal vertebral artery. J Neurosurg. 1984;61:874–81.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Linni K, Aspalter M, Magometschnigg H, Hölzenbein T. Long-term neurologic outcome and durability of proximal vertebral artery reconstructions. Chirurgia. 2011;24:257–62. Linni K, Aspalter M, Magometschnigg H, Hölzenbein T. Long-term neurologic outcome and durability of proximal vertebral artery reconstructions. Chirurgia. 2011;24:257–62.
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Motarjeme A, Keifer JW, Zuska AJ. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the vertebral arteries. Radiology. 1981;139:715–7.PubMedCrossRef Motarjeme A, Keifer JW, Zuska AJ. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the vertebral arteries. Radiology. 1981;139:715–7.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Storey GS, Marks MP, Dake M, Norbash AM, Steinberg GK. Vertebral artery stenting following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 1996;84:883–7.PubMedCrossRef Storey GS, Marks MP, Dake M, Norbash AM, Steinberg GK. Vertebral artery stenting following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 1996;84:883–7.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Eberhardt O, Naegele T, Raygrotzki S, Weller M, Ernemann U. Stenting of vertebrobasilar arteries in symptomatic atherosclerotic disease and acute occlusion: case series and review of the literature. J Vasc Surg. 2006;43:1145–54.PubMedCrossRef Eberhardt O, Naegele T, Raygrotzki S, Weller M, Ernemann U. Stenting of vertebrobasilar arteries in symptomatic atherosclerotic disease and acute occlusion: case series and review of the literature. J Vasc Surg. 2006;43:1145–54.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Berguer R, Morasch MD, Kline RA. A review of 100 consecutive reconstructions of the distal vertebral artery for embolic and hemodynamic disease. J Vasc Surg. 1998;27:852–9.PubMedCrossRef Berguer R, Morasch MD, Kline RA. A review of 100 consecutive reconstructions of the distal vertebral artery for embolic and hemodynamic disease. J Vasc Surg. 1998;27:852–9.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Thevenet A, Ruotolo C. Surgical repair of vertebral artery stenoses. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1984;25:101–10.PubMed Thevenet A, Ruotolo C. Surgical repair of vertebral artery stenoses. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1984;25:101–10.PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Edwards WH, Mulherin JL. The surgical reconstruction of the proximal subclavian and vertebral artery. Ann Vasc Surg. 1985;2:634–9.CrossRef Edwards WH, Mulherin JL. The surgical reconstruction of the proximal subclavian and vertebral artery. Ann Vasc Surg. 1985;2:634–9.CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Malek AM, Higashida RT, Phatouros CC, et al. Treatment of posterior circulation ischemia with extracranial percutaneous ballon angioplasty and stent placement. Stroke. 1999;30:2073–85.PubMedCrossRef Malek AM, Higashida RT, Phatouros CC, et al. Treatment of posterior circulation ischemia with extracranial percutaneous ballon angioplasty and stent placement. Stroke. 1999;30:2073–85.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Shadman R, Criqui MH, Bundens WP, et al. Subclavian artery stenosis: prevalence, risk factors, and association with cardiovascular diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:618–23.PubMedCrossRef Shadman R, Criqui MH, Bundens WP, et al. Subclavian artery stenosis: prevalence, risk factors, and association with cardiovascular diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:618–23.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Crawford ES, De Bakey ME, Morris GC, Howell JF. Surgical treatment of occlusion of the innominate, common carotid, and subclavian arteries: a 10 year experience. Surgery. 1969;65:17–31.PubMed Crawford ES, De Bakey ME, Morris GC, Howell JF. Surgical treatment of occlusion of the innominate, common carotid, and subclavian arteries: a 10 year experience. Surgery. 1969;65:17–31.PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Domenig C, Linni K, Mader N, Kretschmer G, Magometschnigg H, Hölzenbein TJ. Subclavian to carotid artery transposition (SCT): medial versus lateral approach. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;35(5):551–7.PubMedCrossRef Domenig C, Linni K, Mader N, Kretschmer G, Magometschnigg H, Hölzenbein TJ. Subclavian to carotid artery transposition (SCT): medial versus lateral approach. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;35(5):551–7.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Harjola PT, Valle M. The importance of aortic arch or subclavian angiography before coronary reconstruction. Chest. 1974;66:436–8.PubMedCrossRef Harjola PT, Valle M. The importance of aortic arch or subclavian angiography before coronary reconstruction. Chest. 1974;66:436–8.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Kretschmer G, Teleky B, Marosi L, et al. Obliterations of the proximal subclavian artery: To bypass or to anastomose? J Cardiol Surg. 1991;32:334–9. Kretschmer G, Teleky B, Marosi L, et al. Obliterations of the proximal subclavian artery: To bypass or to anastomose? J Cardiol Surg. 1991;32:334–9.
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Sandmann W, Kniemeyer HW, Jaeschock R, Hennerici M, Aulich A. The role of subclavian-carotid transposition in surgery for supra-aortic occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg. 1987;5:53–8.PubMedCrossRef Sandmann W, Kniemeyer HW, Jaeschock R, Hennerici M, Aulich A. The role of subclavian-carotid transposition in surgery for supra-aortic occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg. 1987;5:53–8.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Schardey HM, Meyer G, Rau HG, Gradl G, Jauch KW, Lauterjung L. Subclavian-carotid transposition: An analysis of a clinical series and a review of the literature. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1996;12:431–6.PubMedCrossRef Schardey HM, Meyer G, Rau HG, Gradl G, Jauch KW, Lauterjung L. Subclavian-carotid transposition: An analysis of a clinical series and a review of the literature. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1996;12:431–6.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Linni K, Ugurluoglu A, Mader N, Hitzl W, Magometschnigg H, Hölzenbein Th. Endovascular management versus surgery for proximal subclavian artery lesions. Ann Vasc Surg. 2008;22:769–75.PubMedCrossRef Linni K, Ugurluoglu A, Mader N, Hitzl W, Magometschnigg H, Hölzenbein Th. Endovascular management versus surgery for proximal subclavian artery lesions. Ann Vasc Surg. 2008;22:769–75.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Cina C, Safar H, Lagana A, Arena G, Clase CM. Subclavian carotid transposition and bypass grafting: consecutive cohort study and systematic review. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35:422–9.PubMedCrossRef Cina C, Safar H, Lagana A, Arena G, Clase CM. Subclavian carotid transposition and bypass grafting: consecutive cohort study and systematic review. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35:422–9.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Queral LA, Criado FJ. The treatment of focal aortic arch branch lesions with Palmaz stents. J Vasc Surg. 1996;23:368–75.PubMedCrossRef Queral LA, Criado FJ. The treatment of focal aortic arch branch lesions with Palmaz stents. J Vasc Surg. 1996;23:368–75.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Motarjeme A, Keifer JW, Zuska AJ, Nabani P. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for treatment of subclavian steal. Radiology. 1985;155:611–3.PubMedCrossRef Motarjeme A, Keifer JW, Zuska AJ, Nabani P. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for treatment of subclavian steal. Radiology. 1985;155:611–3.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Selby JB, Matsumoto AH, Tegtmeyer CJ, et al. Balloon angioplasty above the aortic arch: intermediate and long term results. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160:631–5.PubMedCrossRef Selby JB, Matsumoto AH, Tegtmeyer CJ, et al. Balloon angioplasty above the aortic arch: intermediate and long term results. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160:631–5.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodriguez-Lopez JA, Werner A, Martinez R, Torruella LJ, Ray LI, Diethrich EB. Stenting for atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the subclavian artery. Ann Vasc Surg. 1999;13:254–60.PubMedCrossRef Rodriguez-Lopez JA, Werner A, Martinez R, Torruella LJ, Ray LI, Diethrich EB. Stenting for atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the subclavian artery. Ann Vasc Surg. 1999;13:254–60.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat De Vries JP, Jager LC, Van den Berg JC, et al. Durability of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for obstructive lesions of proximal subclavian artery: long-term results. J Vasc Surg. 2005;41:19–23.PubMedCrossRef De Vries JP, Jager LC, Van den Berg JC, et al. Durability of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for obstructive lesions of proximal subclavian artery: long-term results. J Vasc Surg. 2005;41:19–23.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Farina C, Mingoli A, Schultz RD, et al. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty versus surgery for subclavian artery occlusive disease. Am J Surg. 1989;158:511–4.PubMedCrossRef Farina C, Mingoli A, Schultz RD, et al. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty versus surgery for subclavian artery occlusive disease. Am J Surg. 1989;158:511–4.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat AbuRahma AF, Bates MC, Stone PA, et al. Angioplasty and stenting versus carotid-subclavian bypass for the treatment of isolated subclavian artery disease. J Endovasc Ther. 2007;14:698–704.PubMedCrossRef AbuRahma AF, Bates MC, Stone PA, et al. Angioplasty and stenting versus carotid-subclavian bypass for the treatment of isolated subclavian artery disease. J Endovasc Ther. 2007;14:698–704.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietrich EB, Garrett HE, Ameriso J, Crawford ES, El-Bayer M, DeBakey ME. Occlusive disease of the common carotid and subclavian arteries treated by carotid-subclavian bypass. Am J Surg. 1967;114:800–8.CrossRef Dietrich EB, Garrett HE, Ameriso J, Crawford ES, El-Bayer M, DeBakey ME. Occlusive disease of the common carotid and subclavian arteries treated by carotid-subclavian bypass. Am J Surg. 1967;114:800–8.CrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Linni K, Aspalter M, Ugurluoglu A, Hölzenbein T. Proximal common carotid artery lesions: endovascular and open repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011;41(6):728–34.PubMedCrossRef Linni K, Aspalter M, Ugurluoglu A, Hölzenbein T. Proximal common carotid artery lesions: endovascular and open repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011;41(6):728–34.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Berguer R, Morasch MD, Kline RA, Kazmers A, Friedland MS. Cervical reconstruction of the supra-aortic trunks: A 16-year experience. J Vasc Surg. 1999;29(2):239–48.PubMedCrossRef Berguer R, Morasch MD, Kline RA, Kazmers A, Friedland MS. Cervical reconstruction of the supra-aortic trunks: A 16-year experience. J Vasc Surg. 1999;29(2):239–48.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Cull DL, Hansen JC, Taylor SM, Langan 3rd EM, Snyder BA, Coffey CB. Internal carotid artery patency following common carotid artery occlusion: management of the asymptomatic patient. Ann Vasc Surg. 1999;13:73–6.PubMedCrossRef Cull DL, Hansen JC, Taylor SM, Langan 3rd EM, Snyder BA, Coffey CB. Internal carotid artery patency following common carotid artery occlusion: management of the asymptomatic patient. Ann Vasc Surg. 1999;13:73–6.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Shimizu K, Sano K. Pulseless disease. J Neuropathol Clin Neurol. 1951;1:37–47. Shimizu K, Sano K. Pulseless disease. J Neuropathol Clin Neurol. 1951;1:37–47.
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Berguer R, Kieffer R, editors. Surgery of the arteries to the head. New York: Springer Verlag New York Inc;1992. Berguer R, Kieffer R, editors. Surgery of the arteries to the head. New York: Springer Verlag New York Inc;1992.
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Moore WS, Blaisdell W, Hall AD. Retrograde thrombectomy for chronic occlusion of the common carotid artery. Arch Surg. 1967;95:664–73.PubMedCrossRef Moore WS, Blaisdell W, Hall AD. Retrograde thrombectomy for chronic occlusion of the common carotid artery. Arch Surg. 1967;95:664–73.PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Owens LV, Tinsley EA Jr, Criado E, Burnham S, Keagy BA. Extrathoracic reconstruction of arterial occlusive disease involving the supraaortic trunks. J Vasc Surg. 1995;22(3):217–22.PubMedCrossRef Owens LV, Tinsley EA Jr, Criado E, Burnham S, Keagy BA. Extrathoracic reconstruction of arterial occlusive disease involving the supraaortic trunks. J Vasc Surg. 1995;22(3):217–22.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Archie JP. Axillary-to-carotid artery bypass grafting for symptomatic severe common carotid artery occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg. 1999;30:1106–12.PubMedCrossRef Archie JP. Axillary-to-carotid artery bypass grafting for symptomatic severe common carotid artery occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg. 1999;30:1106–12.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Allie DE, Hebert CJ, Lirtzman MD, et al. Intraoperative innominate and common carotid intervention combined with carotid endarterectomy: a “true” endovascular approach. J Endovasc Ther. 2004;11:258–62.PubMedCrossRef Allie DE, Hebert CJ, Lirtzman MD, et al. Intraoperative innominate and common carotid intervention combined with carotid endarterectomy: a “true” endovascular approach. J Endovasc Ther. 2004;11:258–62.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Levien LJ, Benn CA, Veller MG, Fritz VU. Retrograde balloon angioplasty of brachiocephalic or common carotid artery stenoses at the time of carotid endarterectomy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1998;15(6):521–7.PubMedCrossRef Levien LJ, Benn CA, Veller MG, Fritz VU. Retrograde balloon angioplasty of brachiocephalic or common carotid artery stenoses at the time of carotid endarterectomy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1998;15(6):521–7.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Sullivan TM, Gray B, Bacharach JM, et al. Angioplasty and primary stenting of the subclavian, innominate, and common carotid arteries in 83 patients. J Vasc Surg. 1998;28(6):1059–65.PubMedCrossRef Sullivan TM, Gray B, Bacharach JM, et al. Angioplasty and primary stenting of the subclavian, innominate, and common carotid arteries in 83 patients. J Vasc Surg. 1998;28(6):1059–65.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Paukovits TM, Haasz J, Molnar A, et al. Transfemoral endovascular treatment of proximal common carotid artery lesions: a single-center experience on 153 lesions. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48(1):80–7.PubMedCrossRef Paukovits TM, Haasz J, Molnar A, et al. Transfemoral endovascular treatment of proximal common carotid artery lesions: a single-center experience on 153 lesions. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48(1):80–7.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Chio FL Jr, Liu MW, Khan MA, Iyer SS, Roubin GS. Effectiveness of elective stenting of common carotid artery lesions in preventing stroke. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92(9):1135–7.PubMedCrossRef Chio FL Jr, Liu MW, Khan MA, Iyer SS, Roubin GS. Effectiveness of elective stenting of common carotid artery lesions in preventing stroke. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92(9):1135–7.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Takach TJ, Duncan JM, Livesay JJ, et al. Brachiocephalic reconstruction II: Operative and endovascular management of single-vessel disease. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42(1):55–61.PubMedCrossRef Takach TJ, Duncan JM, Livesay JJ, et al. Brachiocephalic reconstruction II: Operative and endovascular management of single-vessel disease. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42(1):55–61.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Management of atherosclerotic supraaortic lesions
verfasst von
K. Linni, MD
M. Aspalter, MD
P. Metzger, MD
Prof. H. Magometschnigg
Prof. T. Hölzenbein
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2014
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
European Surgery / Ausgabe 6/2014
Print ISSN: 1682-8631
Elektronische ISSN: 1682-4016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10353-014-0268-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2014

European Surgery 6/2014 Zur Ausgabe