Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 3-4/2014

01.02.2014 | original article

Nutrition and health: different forms of diet and their relationship with various health parameters among Austrian adults

verfasst von: Univ.-Ass. Mag. Nathalie Tatjana Burkert, MA, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Freidl, Dr. Franziska Großschädel, Dr. Johanna Muckenhuber, Prof. Dr. Willibald J. Stronegger, Prof. Dr. Éva Rásky

Erschienen in: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift | Ausgabe 3-4/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Summary

Population-based studies report a beneficial health effect and a lower mortality rate for diets rich in fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze differences between various forms of diet and health-related variables. The sample for this study was taken from the Austrian Health Interview Survey 2006/07 (N = 15,474). Multivariate analyses of variance adjusted by sex, age, and socioeconomic status (SES) were conducted to examine health-related behavior, health, and quality of life depending on different forms of diet. Additionally, differences in the SES and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed. Our results show that a vegetarian diet is associated with a better health-related behavior, a lower BMI, and a higher SES. Subjects eating a carnivorous diet less rich in meat self-report poorer health, a higher number of chronic conditions, an enhanced vascular risk, as well as lower quality of life. In conclusion, our results have shown that consuming a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with better health and health-related behavior. Therefore, public health programs are needed for reducing the health risks associated with a carnivorous diet.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Craig WJ, Mangels AR; American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(7):1266–82.PubMedCrossRef Craig WJ, Mangels AR; American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(7):1266–82.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Craig WJ. Nutrition concerns and health effects of vegetarian diets. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010;25(6):613–20.PubMedCrossRef Craig WJ. Nutrition concerns and health effects of vegetarian diets. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010;25(6):613–20.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Deriemaeker P, Alewaeters K, Hebbelinck M, Lefevre J, Philippaerts R, Clarys P. Nutritional status of Flemish vegetarians compared with non-vegetarians: a matched sample study. Nutrients. 2010;2(7):770–80.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Deriemaeker P, Alewaeters K, Hebbelinck M, Lefevre J, Philippaerts R, Clarys P. Nutritional status of Flemish vegetarians compared with non-vegetarians: a matched sample study. Nutrients. 2010;2(7):770–80.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat American Dietetic Association, Dieticians of Canada. Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dieticians of Canada: vegetarian diets. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2003;64(2):62–81.CrossRef American Dietetic Association, Dieticians of Canada. Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dieticians of Canada: vegetarian diets. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2003;64(2):62–81.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Baines S, Powers J, Brown WJ. How does the health and well-being of young Australian vegetarian women compare with non-vegetarians? Public Health Nutr. 2007;10(5):436–42.PubMedCrossRef Baines S, Powers J, Brown WJ. How does the health and well-being of young Australian vegetarian women compare with non-vegetarians? Public Health Nutr. 2007;10(5):436–42.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Dwyer JT. Health aspects of vegetarian diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48:712–38.PubMed Dwyer JT. Health aspects of vegetarian diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48:712–38.PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Farmer B, Larson BT, Fulgoni VL, Rainville AJ, Liepa GU. A vegetarian dietary pattern as a nutrient-dense approach to weight management: an analysis of the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2004. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(6):819–27.PubMedCrossRef Farmer B, Larson BT, Fulgoni VL, Rainville AJ, Liepa GU. A vegetarian dietary pattern as a nutrient-dense approach to weight management: an analysis of the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2004. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(6):819–27.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Key TJ, Appleby PN, Rosell MS. Health effects of vegetarian and vegan diets. Proc Nutr Soc. 2006;65(1):35–41.PubMedCrossRef Key TJ, Appleby PN, Rosell MS. Health effects of vegetarian and vegan diets. Proc Nutr Soc. 2006;65(1):35–41.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Rizzo NS, Sabaté J, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fraser GE. Vegetarian dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome: the Adventist health study 2. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(5):1225–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Rizzo NS, Sabaté J, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fraser GE. Vegetarian dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome: the Adventist health study 2. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(5):1225–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Tonstad S, Butler T, Yan R, Fraser GE. Type of vegetarian diet, body weight, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2009;32(5):791–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Tonstad S, Butler T, Yan R, Fraser GE. Type of vegetarian diet, body weight, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2009;32(5):791–6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Pollard J, Greenwood D, Kirk S, Cade J. Lifestyle factors affecting fruit and vegetable consumption in the UK women’s cohort study. Appetite. 2001;37(1):71–9.PubMedCrossRef Pollard J, Greenwood D, Kirk S, Cade J. Lifestyle factors affecting fruit and vegetable consumption in the UK women’s cohort study. Appetite. 2001;37(1):71–9.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gacek M. Selected lifestyle and health condition indices of adults with varied models of eating. Rocz Pantsw Zakl Hig. 2010;61(1):65–9. Gacek M. Selected lifestyle and health condition indices of adults with varied models of eating. Rocz Pantsw Zakl Hig. 2010;61(1):65–9.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Low Dog T. The role of nutrition in mental health. Altern Ther Health Med. 2010;16(2):42–6.PubMed Low Dog T. The role of nutrition in mental health. Altern Ther Health Med. 2010;16(2):42–6.PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Appelby PN, Thorogood M, Mann JI, Key TJ. The Oxford vegetarian study: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:525s–31s. Appelby PN, Thorogood M, Mann JI, Key TJ. The Oxford vegetarian study: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:525s–31s.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Craig WJ. Health effects of vegan diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(5):1627s–33s. Craig WJ. Health effects of vegan diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(5):1627s–33s.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Key TJ, Appleby PN, Davey GK, Allen NE, Spencer EA, Travis RC. Mortality in British vegetarians: review and preliminary results from EPIC-Oxford. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:533s–8s. Key TJ, Appleby PN, Davey GK, Allen NE, Spencer EA, Travis RC. Mortality in British vegetarians: review and preliminary results from EPIC-Oxford. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:533s–8s.
17.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Appleby PN, Key TJ, Thorogood M, Burr ML, Mann J. Mortality in British vegetarians. Public Health Nutr. 2002;5(1):29–36.PubMedCrossRef Appleby PN, Key TJ, Thorogood M, Burr ML, Mann J. Mortality in British vegetarians. Public Health Nutr. 2002;5(1):29–36.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang-Claude J, Hermann S, Eilber U, Steindorf K. Lifestyle determinants and mortality in German vegetarians and health-conscious persons: results of a 21-year follow-up. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(4):963–68.PubMedCrossRef Chang-Claude J, Hermann S, Eilber U, Steindorf K. Lifestyle determinants and mortality in German vegetarians and health-conscious persons: results of a 21-year follow-up. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(4):963–68.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Fraser GE. Vegetarian diets: what do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases? Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:1607s–12s. Fraser GE. Vegetarian diets: what do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases? Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:1607s–12s.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh PN, Sabaté J, Fraser GE. Does low meat intake increase life expectancy in humans? Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3):526s–32s. Singh PN, Sabaté J, Fraser GE. Does low meat intake increase life expectancy in humans? Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3):526s–32s.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Burkert NT, Großschädl F, Muckenhuber J, Rásky È, Stronegger WJ, Freidl W. Gastro-intestinal complaints related to various eating behaviors. J Nutr Therapeutics. 2012;1:19–23. Burkert NT, Großschädl F, Muckenhuber J, Rásky È, Stronegger WJ, Freidl W. Gastro-intestinal complaints related to various eating behaviors. J Nutr Therapeutics. 2012;1:19–23.
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Austin GL, Adair LS, Galanko JA, Martin CF, Satia JA, Sandler RS. A diet high in fruits and low in meat reduces the risk of colorectal adenomas. J Nutr. 2007;137(4):999–1004.PubMed Austin GL, Adair LS, Galanko JA, Martin CF, Satia JA, Sandler RS. A diet high in fruits and low in meat reduces the risk of colorectal adenomas. J Nutr. 2007;137(4):999–1004.PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Flood A, Velie AM, Sinha R, Chaterjee N, Lacey JV, Schairer C, Schatzkin A. Meat, fat, and their subtypes as risk factors for colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort study in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158:59–68.PubMedCrossRef Flood A, Velie AM, Sinha R, Chaterjee N, Lacey JV, Schairer C, Schatzkin A. Meat, fat, and their subtypes as risk factors for colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort study in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;158:59–68.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Mathew A, Peters U, Chatterjee N, Kulldorff M, Sinha R. Fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and risk of colorectal adenomas. Int J Cancer. 2004;108:287–92.PubMedCrossRef Mathew A, Peters U, Chatterjee N, Kulldorff M, Sinha R. Fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and risk of colorectal adenomas. Int J Cancer. 2004;108:287–92.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat McEvoy CT, Temple N, Woodside JV. Vegetarian diets, low-meat diets and health: a review. Public Health Nutr. 2012;15:2287–94.PubMedCrossRef McEvoy CT, Temple N, Woodside JV. Vegetarian diets, low-meat diets and health: a review. Public Health Nutr. 2012;15:2287–94.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Seow A, Quah SR, Nyam D, Straughan PT, Chua T, Aw TC. Food groups and the risk of colorectal carcinomas in an Asian population. Cancer. 2002;95:2390–6.PubMedCrossRef Seow A, Quah SR, Nyam D, Straughan PT, Chua T, Aw TC. Food groups and the risk of colorectal carcinomas in an Asian population. Cancer. 2002;95:2390–6.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Vang A, Singh PN, Lee JW, Haddad EH, Brinegar CH. Meats, processed meats, obesity, weight gain and occurrence of diabetes among adults: findings from Adventist health studies. Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;52(2):96–104.PubMedCrossRef Vang A, Singh PN, Lee JW, Haddad EH, Brinegar CH. Meats, processed meats, obesity, weight gain and occurrence of diabetes among adults: findings from Adventist health studies. Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;52(2):96–104.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Boutron-Ruault MC, Senesse P, Meance S, Belghiti C, Faivre J. Energy intake, body mass index, physical activity, and the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Nutr Cancer. 2001;39:50–7.PubMedCrossRef Boutron-Ruault MC, Senesse P, Meance S, Belghiti C, Faivre J. Energy intake, body mass index, physical activity, and the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Nutr Cancer. 2001;39:50–7.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabaté J. The contribution of vegetarian diets to health and disease: a paradigm shift? Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:502s–7s.PubMed Sabaté J. The contribution of vegetarian diets to health and disease: a paradigm shift? Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:502s–7s.PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabaté J. The contribution of vegetarian diets to human health. Forum Nutr. 2003;56:218–20.PubMed Sabaté J. The contribution of vegetarian diets to human health. Forum Nutr. 2003;56:218–20.PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Karlic H, Schuster D, Varga F, Klindert G, Lapin A, Haslberger A, Handschur M. Vegetarian diet affects genes of oxidative metabolism and collagen synthesis. Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;53(1):29–32.PubMedCrossRef Karlic H, Schuster D, Varga F, Klindert G, Lapin A, Haslberger A, Handschur M. Vegetarian diet affects genes of oxidative metabolism and collagen synthesis. Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;53(1):29–32.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Kornsteiner M, Singer I, Elmadfa I. Very low n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status in Austrian vegetarians and vegans. Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;52(1):37–47.PubMedCrossRef Kornsteiner M, Singer I, Elmadfa I. Very low n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status in Austrian vegetarians and vegans. Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;52(1):37–47.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Majchrzak D, Singer I, Männer M, Rust P, Genser D, Wagner KH, Elmadfa I. B-vitamin status and concentrations of homocysteine in Austrian omnivores, vegetarians and vegans. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(6):485–91.PubMedCrossRef Majchrzak D, Singer I, Männer M, Rust P, Genser D, Wagner KH, Elmadfa I. B-vitamin status and concentrations of homocysteine in Austrian omnivores, vegetarians and vegans. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(6):485–91.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Schumacher M, Eber B, Schallmoser K, Toplak H, Zweiker R, Lindschinger M, Sommer K, Klein W. Eating behaviour of patients with metabolic diseases and metabolically healthy probands in Austria. Results of a questionnaire  survey at the Graz Autumn Fair 1991. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1993;143(12):329–32.PubMed Schumacher M, Eber B, Schallmoser K, Toplak H, Zweiker R, Lindschinger M, Sommer K, Klein W. Eating behaviour of patients with metabolic diseases and metabolically healthy probands in Austria. Results of a questionnaire  survey at the Graz Autumn Fair 1991. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1993;143(12):329–32.PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Klimont J, Kytir J, Leitner B. Austrian Health Interview Survey. (Oesterreichische Gesundheitsbefragung 2006/07. Hauptergebnisse und methodische Dokumentation). Wien: Statistik Austria; 2007. Klimont J, Kytir J, Leitner B. Austrian Health Interview Survey. (Oesterreichische Gesundheitsbefragung 2006/07. Hauptergebnisse und methodische Dokumentation). Wien: Statistik Austria; 2007.
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Craig CL, Marshall A, Sjöström M, Baumann AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P. International physical activity questionnaire: 12 country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381–95.PubMedCrossRef Craig CL, Marshall A, Sjöström M, Baumann AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P. International physical activity questionnaire: 12 country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381–95.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Brennan SL, Henry MJ, Nicholson GC, Kotowicz MA, Pasco JA. Socioeconomic status, obesity and lifestyle in men: the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. J Mens Health. 2010;7:31–41.CrossRef Brennan SL, Henry MJ, Nicholson GC, Kotowicz MA, Pasco JA. Socioeconomic status, obesity and lifestyle in men: the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. J Mens Health. 2010;7:31–41.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Nutrition and health: different forms of diet and their relationship with various health parameters among Austrian adults
verfasst von
Univ.-Ass. Mag. Nathalie Tatjana Burkert, MA
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Freidl
Dr. Franziska Großschädel
Dr. Johanna Muckenhuber
Prof. Dr. Willibald J. Stronegger
Prof. Dr. Éva Rásky
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2014
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift / Ausgabe 3-4/2014
Print ISSN: 0043-5325
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-7671
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-013-0483-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3-4/2014

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 3-4/2014 Zur Ausgabe

mitteilungen der gesellschaft

ÖGIM Flip