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Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1-2/2014

01.01.2014 | themenschwerpunkt

Management bei schwerer alkoholischer Hepatitis

verfasst von: Verena Wieser, MD, Univ.-Prof. Dr. Herbert Tilg

Erschienen in: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift | Ausgabe 1-2/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Die alkoholische Hepatitis (AH) ist ein klinisches Syndrom, welches durch eine schwere Leberentzündung (dominiert durch Infiltration mit neutrophilen Granulozyten), Leberzellschädigung und Fibrose charakterisiert ist und durch massiven Alkoholkonsum ausgelöst wird. Diese klinisch oft lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung entwickelt sich meist auf dem Boden einer bereits bestehenden Leberzirrhose. Klinische Leitsymptome sind Ikterus, Malaise, Gerinnungsstörung und Enzephalopathie. Typische Komplikationen sind dabei Sepsis und Organversagen und die Mortalität dieser Erkrankung beträgt unverändert bis zu 50 %. Im Vordergrund der Therapie stehen Alkoholabstinenz und supportive Maßnahmen. Kortikosteroide stellen seit Jahrzehnten die einzige Therapieoption dar. Die Indikation für eine Kortikosteroidtherapie wird bei einem Maddrey Score > 32 gestellt und nach 7 Tagen wird diese Therapie je nach Ansprechen (erfaßt über den Lille Score) beendet oder für insgesamt 4 Wochen fortgesetzt. Letzlich ist eine Kortikosteroidtherapie allerdings nur in einer Patientensubgruppe möglich und erfolgreich. Eine frühe Lebertransplantation (innerhalb Tagen bis wenigen Wochen nach Therapieversagen) stellt für streng selektionierte Patienten (keine Komorbiditäten, soziale Integration) eine Therapiealternative dar. In der Pathophysiologie dieser Erkrankung spielen pro-inflammatorische Zytokine wie Tumor Nekrose Faktor-alpha (TNFα) oder Interleukin-1 (IL-1) eine herausragende Rolle und diese Erkrankung ist heute der Prototyp einer zytokin-mediierten Erkrankung. Die Neutralisation dieser Schlüsselzytokine vor allem von IL-1 reflektiert das zur Zeit attraktivste Therapiekonzept für die Zukunft. Es ist zu hoffen, dass bei dieser von der (klinischen) Forschung leider zu sehr vernachlässigten Erkrankung in Zukunft bessere Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung stehen werden
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Metadaten
Titel
Management bei schwerer alkoholischer Hepatitis
verfasst von
Verena Wieser, MD
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Herbert Tilg
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2014
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift / Ausgabe 1-2/2014
Print ISSN: 0043-5341
Elektronische ISSN: 1563-258X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-013-0221-5

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