Introduction
Patients and methods
Characteristics | Endoscopic group (n = 396) | Traditional group (n = 312) |
p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 9.4 ± 3.1 | 6.6 ± 1.9 | 0.882 |
Body weight (kg) | 29.5 ± 9.9 | 23.2 ± 7.1 | 0.596 |
Sex | 0.222 | ||
Male | 181 (45.70 %) | 157 (50.32 %) | |
Female | 215 (54.30 %) | 155 (49.68 %) | |
NYHA class | 0.598 | ||
I | 281 (71.00 %) | 227 (72.76 %) | |
II | 115 (29.00 %) | 85 (27.24 %) | |
Ejection fraction (%) | 68.3 ± 8.4 | 63.4 ± 8.1 | 0.083 |
Etiology (number of patients) | 0.845 | ||
ASD | 122 (30.80 %) | 94 (30.13 %) | |
VSD | 274 (69.20 %) | 218 (69.87 %) | |
Membranous VSD | 189 (68.98 %) | 146 (66.97 %) | |
Muscular VSD | 85 (31.02 %) | 72 (33.03 %) | |
Pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg) | 38 ± 7 | 41 ± 6 | 0.063 |
With diseases (number of patients)
| |||
Partial anomalous venous connections | 4 | 24 | 0.000 |
Subpulmonary artery anomalous muscle | 6 | 18 | 0.002 |
Mitral valve regurgitation | 4 | 8 | 0.112 |
Patent ductus arteriosus | 0 | 54 | 0.000 |
Surgical techniques
Variables | Endoscopic group (n = 396) | Traditional group (n = 312) |
p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Concomitant procedure | 0.845 | ||
ASD | 122 | 94 | |
Direct suture | 74 (60.66 %) | 38 (40.43 %) | |
Pericardia patch | 48 (39.34 %) | 56 (59.57 %) | |
Mitral valve annuloplasty | 2 | 3 | |
VSD | 274 | 218 | |
Direct suture | 158 (57.66 %) | 76 (34.86 %) | |
Dacron polyester fiber patch | 116 (43.37 %) | 142 (65.14 %) | |
Mitral valve annuloplasty | 2 | 5 | |
Subpulmonary artery muscle resection | 6 | 18 | |
Operative time (min)
| |||
Cross-clamp time | 25 ± 8 | 21 ± 6 | 0.021 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass time | 54 ± 16 | 51 ± 13 | 0.007 |
Operative time | 132 ± 48 | 118 ± 41 | 0.033 |
Mechanical ventilation (h) | 4.3 ± 1.6 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 0.091 |
Intensive care unit stay times (h) | 8.3 ± 2.8 | 8.9 ± 2.9 | 0.007 |
Postoperative drainage (ml) | 120 ± 21 | 433 ± 140 | 0.020 |
Hospital time (days) | 8.6 ± 1.8 | 11.5 ± 1.9 | 0.015 |
Statistical analysis
Results
Variables | Endoscopic group (n = 396) | Traditional group (n = 312) |
p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Performed successfully | 390 | 312 | |
Enlarge the right-hand port | 4 | 0 | |
Postoperative complications (number of patients) | 9 | 16 | 0.039 |
Re-exploration for bleeding | 1 | 6 | |
Impaired wound healing | 3 | 10 | |
Hemopneumothorax | 5 | 0 | |
Residual shunt | 14 | 0 | 0.000 |
Reoperation | 2 | 0 | |
Echocardiographic follow-up (mean 12.4 ± 3.5 months)
| |||
Residual shunt disappeared | 8 | 0 | |
Residual shunt (2 mm) | 6 | 0 | |
Mild tricuspid regurgitation | 22 | 18 | 0.903 |
Ejection fraction (%) | 70.5 ± 6.3 | 68.3 ± 6.1 | 0.055 |